242 PROFESSOR P. M. DUNCAN ON THE 
PARACYATHUS HUMILIS, sp. nov. (Plate XLIV. figs. 17-19.) 
The corallum is small, with a wide base. The coste are distinct, large, multi- 
granular, and subequal; inferiorly they are less separate, and the granular structure is 
more distinct. The septa are large, and the pali also, for the size of the calice ; and the 
primaries are very exsert and arched, the tertiaries being higher than the secondaries. 
The pali are large and rather square, and are placed before two cycles of septa. There 
are three cycles of septa, some of the tertiaries being absent. 
The columella is very deep and very small. 
Height of corallum 345 inch; breadth of calice 34; inch. 
Locality, Mediterranean Sea. 
PARACYATHUS AFRICANUS. (Plate XLIV. figs. 20-22.) 
The corallum is conico-cylindrical, with a base more than half the breadth of the 
calice. The calicular margin is thick, circular in outline, and the fossa is deep. The 
columella is very small, and the papille are distant and small. The septa are in six 
systems; and there are four cycles in most; but in a few the fourth and fifth orders are 
wanting or very slightly developed. The laminz are large, not crowded, largely 
granular at the sides, and extend inwards not quite one third of the diameter of the 
calice. The primaries are the largest, the most exsert, and are attached to the largest 
cost; and all the others project beyond the wall in continuation with the coste. The 
secondaries greatly resemble the primaries ; and the tertiaries are smaller and less exsert 
than the rest. Pali are placed before the septa, except those of the higher orders; they 
are tall, moderately stout, simple, not excised; and those of the tertiary septa are the 
largest, and are broader than the septal end. All are granular, and slightly bent here 
and there. The coste are distinct to the base in some places; but elsewhere there is 
a dense epitheca ; where visible they are slightly spinulose externally, alternately large 
and small, but rather subequal. Near the calice they are more prominent than 
elsewhere. 
Height 38; inch; breadth of calice 33; inch. 
Locality: Coast of Tunis, 2nd exped. ‘ Porcupine, in 40 fathoms. 
PARACYATHUS COSTATUS, sp.nov. (Plate XLIV. figs. 23-26.) 
The corallum is straight, cylindro-conical, with an attached base and a calice circular 
in outline and large. The coste are distinct to the base, slightly rounded, sparsely but 
distinctly granular, unequal; and the highest are the primaries and those next to them. 
The calicular margin is circular, sharp; and the fossa is deep ; the septa are very slightly 
exsert, and project but little into the calice ; they are thin, separate, unequal, granular, 
and there is little difference between the primaries, secondaries, and tertiaries. The 
columella is large, slightly concave, and consists of trabeculae ending in numerous 
papille. The pali are tall, not long, are distinct from the septa, stouter than these, 
