AXIAL SKELETON OF THE PELECANIDA. 337 
Besides the cervical and cervico-dorsal vertebra, the first two or three dorsal vertebre 
are more or less movable; but the last dorsal ankyloses with all the more postaxial 
vertebree to the end of the sacro-caudals; and the lumbar and last dorsal vertebre 
have their centra more compressed laterally. 
The cervical vertebree unite, as in Pelecanus, so as to form angles with one another, 
open ventrad till the seventh’s junction with the eighth, which forms an angle open 
dorsad, as does that of the eighth with the ninth, and so on postaxiad till they unite 
without forming an angle at all. 
THE CERVICAL VERTEBRA. 
These vertebre, when compared with those of Pelecanus, present differences more or 
less analogous to the differences presented by those of Caswarius compared with those of 
Struthio and Rhea; for the vertebre have become individually shorter antero-poste- 
riorly, and at the same time more rugged and ridged, with relatively more prominent 
processes. 
The AtLAs presents a small odontoid-foramen (of) instead of anotch. The neural arch 
is larger antero-posteriorly, with long postzygapophyses, generally making the post- 
axial margin of the neural arch more concave. The hypapophysis is decidedly more 
developed (Plate LVI. figs. 1 & 2). 
The axis has its neural arch cut off still more obliquely preaxially; the hyperapo- 
physes are very much more developed, and the hypapophysis enormously so: it 
projects ventrad and slightly, or much, postaxiad ; and its summit has two small vertical 
grooves, bordered by one median and preaxial and two lateral ridges. Two minute 
processes project from near the preaxial end of the ventral surface, near its middle; and 
another projects above each on each side, being placed a little more dorsad as well as 
postaxiad (Plate LVI. fig. 3, ps). 
The postaxial articular surface of the centrum has its dorsal margin even slightly 
longer than its ventral one. 
There is no pleurapophysial lamella; but there is a conspicuous foramen on each side, 
leading into the substance of the bone, and situated at the ventral part of the strongly 
marked lateral fossa produced by the much stronger projection here than in Pelecanus 
of the interzygapophysial ridge (7z). The margin of the neural spine, viewed laterally, 
is less convex. 
The whole neural arch hardly projects so much postaxiad of the centrum as in the 
genus first described. 
The THIRD VERTEBRA is shorter than in Pelecanus, relatively as well as absolutely, 
being no longer than the axis; it is more concave laterally ; the neural arch is more cut 
away preaxially. The hyperapophyses and hypapophysis very much longer, the latter 
having preaxially still three ridges and two vertical grooves towards its extremity. The 
lateral vertebral canal is much shorter, and yery much more capacious, even absolutely. 
