356 PROF. ST. GEORGE MIVART ON THB 
rather more distinct, though still small, and the hyperapophyses are decidedly more 
marked than in the fifth vertebra. 
The SEVENTH VERTEBRA (Plate LVIII. figs. 15-17) is, again, a trifle shorter, but little 
exceeding the axis in length. Compared with the last vertebra, the styloid processes 
are yet shorter, and (as in that vertebra) project but very little from the side of the 
centrum, and are separated from the adjacent catapophysial ridges by a wider, though 
somewhat shorter, antero-posterior groove. ‘The neural spine is higher; the hypera- 
pophyses and the metapophyses are stronger; and the postzygapophyses almost look 
a little preaxiad as well as ventrad, and a little externad. As in the sixth vertebra, 
so here the plane of the styloid processes was more dorsad than that of the hinder 
part of the centrum’s ventral surface. The centrum being a little bent on itself 
from before backwards, its ventral margin (when viewed laterally) is a little concave 
ventrad. 
A narrow fissure runs preaxiad from the middle of the postaxial margin of the neural 
arch ; and on each side of this, between it and the adjacent hyperapophysis, is an antero- 
posteriorly directed groove. 
The EIGHTH VERTEBRA (Plate LVIII. figs. 18-22) agrees with that of Phalacrocorax, 
and differs from that of Sula and Pelecanus, in that it articulates with its predecessor 
at an angle open ventrad, as in the more anterior vertebra, while with its successor it 
articulates at an angle open distad; but it presents characters altogether peculiar. As 
in the seventh of Pelecanus and the eighth of Phalacrocorax, the neural spine is more 
preaxially situated than in its serial predecessor (projecting from about the antero- 
posterior middle of the neural arch); and, asin the seventh of Sula and eighth of Pha- 
lacrocoraz, the styloid processes diverge ventrad from the centrum as they proceed post- 
axiad. Unlike, however, all the three before-deseribed genera, these styloid processes 
are enormously long, extending more postaxiad than any other part of the vertebra, 
and reposing upon the sides of the hzmal arch of the ninth vertebra. The postzygapo- 
physes also do not project postaxiad as much as does the centrum; and their articular 
surfaces (which are elongated) look more directly externad than even in Phalacrocorar— 
though, as in that genus, they differ from those of the sixth vertebra by quite extending 
to the postaxial ends of those processes, The preaxial part of the neural arch is not 
pressed back postaxiad ; but the postaxial part of that arch rises dorsad—instead of being 
curved over yentrad very markedly, as it is in the seventh vertebra; also the postaxial 
margin of the neural arch, seen dorsally, is more concave than in the preceding vertebra, 
and without any narrow median cleft. The prezygapophyses still extend decidedly pre- 
axiad of the centrum. The long styloid processes cannot well be determined as more 
catapophysial or parapophysial; for they arise from the same part as the parapophysis 
arises from in the seventh vertebra, while they are continuous dorsally with the preaxial 
part of the marked catapophysial ridges, which bound laterally the median subcentral 
groove; these latter ridges are externally concave dorso-ventrally, this concavity being 
