366 PROF. ST. GEORGE MIVART ON THE 
CHARACTERS OF THE GENERA. 
PELECANUS. 
Cervical vertebra 16, cervico-dorsal 1, together 17; dorsal 5, Jumbar 3 or 4, lumbo- 
sacral 3, sacral 3, sacro-caudal 4, caudal without pygostyle 5 or 6: total 40-42. Vertebral 
ribs 6, sternal ribs 5. Vertebre generally swollen and very pneumatic; no long, free 
styloid processes, such processes merged in lateral subcentral plates; anterior cervical 
vertebre elongated ; seventh and ninth bend dorsad from eighth; median hypapophyses 
conspicuous only in fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth vertebree, and not present in 
lumbo-sacral or posterior dorsal regions; a heemal arch to vertebree from eighth to four- 
teenth inclusive; faint lateral ridges beneath centra of fifteenth, sixteenth and seven- 
teenth vertebree ; ridges and processes generally obtuse; metapophyses moderate, rather 
small. Atlas with an odontoid notch and minute hypapophyses. Hypapophyses of axis 
very small; its hyperapophyses very small; a lateral foramen leading into centrum. 
Third vertebra with a most rudimentary hypapophysis; lateral vertebral canal long and 
narrow; hyperapophyses very small; no marked interzygapophysial ridge to third ver- 
tebra. Fifth vertebra with a median subcentral groove; sixth vertebra with the same; 
postzygapophyses more postaxiad in seventh than in sixth vertebra; postaxial margin 
of neural arch of seyenth vertebra very concave, the first (preaxially) to be so. Eighth 
vertebra the first vertebra pressed back preaxially, with a hemal arch, with no pro- 
minent metapophyses, about equals the seventh in length; styloid processes much as 
in seventh; przezygapophyses not so preaxiad as centrum; postzygapophyses slightly 
more postaxiad of centrum than in seventh vertebra. Ninth vertebra but little more 
pressed back preaxially than eighth; neural spine not more developed in ninth than in 
eighth vertebra; a hemal arch present; hyperapophyses in the form of two lateral 
ridges. Neural spine most prominent in seventh and eighth vertebre; metapophyses 
not prominent. Tenth vertebra with a hemalarch. Postzygapophyses of eleventh ver- 
tebra still reach the postaxial end of centrum; in twelfth vertebra the postzygapophyses 
for the first time fail to extend postaxiad as far as centrum. Thirteenth vertebra with a 
hemal arch; fourteenth vertebra with a complete, or nearly complete, hemal arch. 
Fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth vertebre with a median hypapophysis; postero- 
external angle of centrum not drawn out into a triangular process. Nineteenth ver- 
tebra without a hypapophysis, and not laterally compressed. Dorsa of tenth to four- 
teenth cervical vertebre flattened, but not presenting a longitudinal groove on each 
side; no notable lateral compression of the vertebral centra in any region, nor any 
great ventral flattening; no vertebre opisthoccelous; parapophyses of second sacral 
vertebra not stronger than those of first; parapophyses of sacro-caudal vertebre not 
suddenly bent dorsad. Broad ilio-caudal process; obturator-foramen oval, broad in 
proportion to its length; sacro-sciatic foramen not visible when the pelvis is viewed 
