AXIAL SKELETON OF THE PELECANID®. 367 
dorsally, owing to the breadth of the ilia; transverse diameter of pelvis between its 
antitrochanteric processes nearly double the width of the most preaxial part of ilia; 
lateral acetabular fossa very large and quadrate; a supraacetabular fossa: pelvis of 
moderate relative length ; postaxial half of external margin of ischium slightly convex ; 
ventral surface of conjoined ischium and ilium extensive; ventral surface of ischium 
slightly ridged; ischium, external to obturator-foramen, narrow. Pygostyle curved, 
convex dorsally, with its apex curved postaxiad and ventrad. The vertebral ribs have 
generally uncinate processes, except the last; last sternal rib expanded proximally. 
Sternum but little longer than broad; lateral xiphoid processes narrow and pointed ; 
pleurosteon wide, with five articular surfaces, 
SULA. 
Cervical vertebree 15, cervico-dorsal 3, together 18; dorsal 6, lumbar 2—4, lumbo- 
sacral 2 or 3, sacral 1 or 2, sacro-caudal 5 or 6; caudal, without pygostyle, 7: total 
43 or 44. Vertebral ribs 9, sternal ribs 6 or 7. Vertebre generally but little swollen 
or pneumatic; styloid processes free, rather long and rather stout; anterior cervical 
vertebre all short; seventh and ninth bent dorsad from eighth ; hypapophyses of 
first, second, third, and fourth vertebre large, and small ones to seventeenth and 
eighteenth vertebre ; none present in posterior dorsal or lumbo-sacral region ; hemal 
arches to vertebrae from the ninth or tenth to the thirteenth; no lateral ridges 
beneath fifteenth to twenty-sixth vertebre; ridges and processes generally sharp ; 
metapophyses relatively very large. Atlas with an odontoid foramen and bony hypa- 
pophysis; axis with very long hypapophysis, large hyperapophyses, and lateral foramen 
leading into centrum; third vertebra with very long hypapophysis, short and wide 
lateral vertebral canal, much larger hyperapophyses than in Pelecanus, and very 
marked interzygapophysial ridges; fifth and sixth vertebre with a median subcentral 
groove ; postzygapophyses of seventh vertebra not more postaxiad than those of sixth; 
postaxial margin of neural arch of seventh vertebra not very concave, the first (pre- 
axially) deeply concave behind being that of the eighth vertebra. Eighth vertebra 
more pressed back preaxially than the seventh of Pelecanus, but less so than the 
eighth of Pelecanus ; it is the first which is pressed back preaxially; eighth vertebra 
about as long as the seventh, with no hemal arch, but with prominent metapophyses ; 
styloid processes rather larger than in the seventh vertebra, which has its praezygapophyses 
slightly more preaxiad, and postzygapophyses decidedly more postaxiad than centrum. 
Ninth vertebra much more pressed back preaxially than the eighth, and the first one 
very much pressed back, and in its development intermediate between the eighth and 
the ninth vertebre of Pelecanus; its neural spine much more developed than that of 
the eighth vertebra generally, with no hemal arch; its hyperapophyses two sharp 
lateral processes ; neural spine most prominent in the ninth vertebra of all the cervical 
vertebra ; its metapophyses very long and sharp processes. Tenth vertebra with a 
