560 
Pristiophorus japonicus, dorsal fin of, 452, 483. 
——.,, pectoral fin of, 453, 483. 
, ventral fin of, 452, 483. 
Pristis cuspidata, 439, 453. 
——,, first dorsal fin of, 453, 483. 
Pristivrus, embryos of, ¥ and 3 of an inch in length, 
213. 
Proteus anguinus, 192. 



Protopterus and Ceratodus, on the hearts of, with an 
account of undescribed pocket-valves in the 
conus arteriosus of, by E. Ray Lankester, 493. 
— annectens, 495. 
—— (Lepidosiren) annectens, conus arteriosus of, 
501. 
—— (——) —— heart of, 500. 
Psephotus multicolor, 257. 
Ptilotis, sp.?, 260, 311, 312. 
, sp. 2, skull of, 260. 
Pygera bucephala, 519. 
Pyranga rubra, 254, 311, 312. 
, skull of, 254. 
Raia clavata, embryos of, 221. 
, skull of adult, 222. 
—— levis, 467. 
maculata, 439, 455. 
—— ——,, dorsal fin of, 455, 483. 
—— ——, embryo of, 13 inch in entire length, 213 ; 




4 inches long, 217. 
Ranodon sibiricus, 476. 
Ray, pectoral type of limb of, 474. 
Rhea, atlas of, 3. 
, axial skeleton of the, 1-15. 


, axis of, 3. 
, caudal vertebra of, 10. 


, cervical vertebree of, 3. 
, cervico-dorsal vertebree of, 6. 

, characters of, 46. 

, dorsal vertebrae of, 6. 

, dorso-lumbar vertebrae of, 7. 

——, ilium of, 12. 
, ischium of, i2. 


, lumbar vertebre of, 7. 
——,, pelvis of, 10. 
——,, pubis of, 12. 
——,, ribs of, 12-14. 
, sacral vertebrae of, 9. 

——, sacro-caudal vertebre of, 9. 
——, sacrum of a young, 8. 


INDEX OF SPECIES. 
Rhea, sternal ribs of, 14. 
, sternum of, 14. 
——, vertebre of, 1-10. 

——, vertebral parts and processes of, 15. 
——, vertebral ribs of, 12-14. 
—— and Struthio, characters common to, 45. 
americana, 259. 

Rhinoceros, astragalus of, 103; dimension of, 104. 
——, bones of the hinder extremity of, 100-103. 
——, femur of, 100, 101; dimensions of, 102. 
——, head of, 91-95. 
, humerus of, 96. 
——, list of bones of, found in Genista Cave, 
Gibraltar, 90, 91. 
——, metacarpal bones of, 100. 
——, metatarsus of, 105-107; dimension of third, 
106; dimension of fourth, 107. 
——, os lunare of, 99, 100. 
——, tibia of, 102; dimension of, 103. 
——, upper molars of, 91, 92, 93. 
—— of Gibraltar, 90-108. 
bicornis, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 100, 101, 102, 
105, 106, 107, 108, 131. 
crocuta, 94. 
etruscus, 94, 101, 102, 105, 106, 107, 108, 
116. 
hemiteechus, 59, 93, 94, 95, 96, 98, 99, 100, 
101, 102, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 114, 130, 
131. 
—— incisivus, 106. 
keitloa, 96, 97. 
—— leptorhinus, 93, 94, 101, 107, 108. 
—— megarhinus, 93, 94, 96, 97, 98, 100, 102, 104, 
105, 106, 107, 108. 
merckit, 107, 108. 
sumatrensis, 106, 
—— tichorhinus, 94, 105, 106, 108, 131. 
—— unicornis, 95, 106. 








—— ——, brain of, compared with Ceratorhinus 
sumatrensis, 411, 412. 
Rhipheus dasycephalus, 523. 
Rhynchobatus djeddensis, 439, 453. 
——, dorsal fin of, 453, 483. 
Ruticilla phenicurus, 311. 

Salamandrella keyserlingii, 476. 
wosnefsenskyi, 476. 
Saturnia certhia, 517, 518. 
Sclater, P. L. Supplementary notes on the Cu- 

