HIGH-SPEED ELECTRIC INTERURBAlSr RAILWAYS. 315 



land l)eing- over the Cleveland, Elyria and Western, the Cleveland, 

 Ashland and Manslield, the Mansfield, (Talion and Crestline, and the 

 Columljus, Delaware and Marion, roads all either in operation or 

 under construction. 



A few notes regarding the Cleveland, Elyria and Western may be of 

 interest, since its power house will be the first railway power station 

 in the United States to be equipped with steam turbines. Two West- 

 ino'liouse turbines, running' at 1,500 revolutions per minute, are to ])e 

 direct-connected to two 1,000 kilowatt, 2-pole generators, delivering 

 alternating current at -lOO volts and 25 cj'^cles per second. Steam will 

 be supplied to the turbines at 150-pounds pressure and 200-degrees 

 superheat, and the exhaust will be under a 28-inch vacuum. The 

 steam consumption is guaranteed not to exceed 10. S pounds of steam 

 per horsepower-hour; and at one-half load the steam consumption per 

 horsepower is not to increase more than 15 per cent. Tliese turbines 

 are somewhat novel in construction in that the steam is expanded con- 

 secutively in two chambers — that is, the steam first passes through a 

 high-pressure cjdinder, then through a reheater, and finally through 

 a low-pressure cylinder. The rotating parts of both the high and 

 low pressure cylinders are upon one shaft, the bearing being placed 

 betw^een the two cylinders. Full load may be carried without super- 

 heat or vacuum. The adoption of steam turbines has increased the 

 possible capacity with the space availalde in the existing powerhouse 

 from 2,000 to 5,000 kilowatts. Two 300-kilowatt rotary converters are 

 being installed as connecting links between the present direct-current 

 plant and the alternating-current apparatus. The power is ti"ansmitted 

 to substations along the road by alternating current at 20,000 volts. 



Cleveland is the center of an extensive interurban electric-railway 

 system, extending in one direction nearly to Buffalo, N. Y., and in the 

 other to Toledo, Ohio, which is also the terminus of a large number 

 of roads. One of the roads connecting Cleveland and Toledo is the 

 .Toledo, Fremont and Norwalk, about CO miles in length and controlled 

 by the Lake Shore Electric Compan}-. The powerhouse at Fremont, 

 about the middle of the line, contains four alternating-current gen- 

 erators, direct-connected to l,T50-horsepower Westinghouse steam 

 engines. Current is transmitted at 16,000 volts to six substations, 

 which are combined with passenger and freight stations in order to 

 cut down the cost of attendance. The high-tension transmission wires 

 are carried upon the poles supporting the trolly brackets. The road- 

 bed, partly upon private right of way and partly upon public turnpike, 

 is constructed for speeds exceeding 10 miles per hour. In preparing 

 for a through service between Cleveland and Toledo, a series of experi- 

 ments are being made by the Lake Shore Electric Company with a 

 view of determining the most desirable motors for the traffic. A 

 cross-country schedule of 35 to 10 miles per hour has been established 



