316 HIGH-SPEED ELECTRIC INTERURBAN RAILWAYS. 



and a speed of over 60 miles per hour has been maintained for short 

 distances. Some of the cars are fitted with four lOO-horsepower elec- 

 tric motors. The cars now in service on the Toledo, Fremont and 

 Norwalk are equipped with 75-horsepower Westing-house motors. 

 That part of the Lake Shore Electric Company's line between Cleve- 

 land and Norwalk is entirel}^ on private right of way and is rock bal- 

 lasted and laid with T5-pound T-rails. This company is making an 

 especial effort to develop freight traffic in fruit and dairj^ products. 

 Passenger mileage books are sold for $13.50 per 1,000 miles, and local 

 fares are about one-half of those charged by steam roads. 



Toledo and Detroit are connected b}^ a series of electric roads, one 

 of the most completel}" equipped of which is the Toledo and Monroe 

 Railway, having 18 miles of single track laid with 70-pound T-rails 

 and ballasted with broken limestone. The equipment consists of ordi- 

 nary passenger cars, chair cars, combined passenger and l)aggage cars, 

 and freight cars. The passenger cars are 40 feet long and a regular 

 schedule speed of 30 miles per hour, including stops, is maintained. 

 The powerhouse contains two lOO-kilowatt Westinghouse 3-phase 

 alternators, and a substation contains a 200-kilowatt rotary converter. 

 The long distance transmission is at 15,000 volts, the wires being car- 

 ried on 45-foot pine poles set 6 feet in the ground and surrounded by 

 concrete, so that no guy wires are necessary. The same poles support 

 the double trolley wire. 



One of the oldest high-speed roads in America is the Detroit, Ypsil- 

 anti and Ann Arbor Railway. As originally constructed this road had 

 a length of 50 miles. 40 miles between Detroit and Ann Arbor, with a 

 branch line of 10 miles to Saline. The line has recenth' been consider- 

 ably extended, now reaching to Jackson, Mich., where it connects 

 with other interurban roads. It is composed of single track through- 

 out. The equipment consists of 20 cars, each provided with four 

 50-horsepower motors and quick-acting air brakes. The motors can 

 all be thrown in series for slow speed through cities. A regular half- 

 hour service is maintained, with an occasional fifteen-minute service, 

 and all cars are dispatched by telephone, telephone stations being 

 located at turn-outs. The most remarkable effect of this i-oad has 

 been the development of an enormous passenger tratfic. During the 

 first 3^ear 4,000 passengers were carried per day, against 200 previ- 

 ously carried per day by the steam road passing through the same 

 towns. The fare for 40 miles is 50 cents, while the fare charged by the 

 steam roads for the same distance is $1.12. A 1,000-mile mileage book 

 is sold for 1 cent per mile. The average fare per passenger is 15.9 

 cents. Many houses are being built in the small towns along the 

 route and market gardening is rapidly developing in the country trav- 

 ersed. Freight service is given twice a day and express packages are 



