PSYCHICAL FACULTIES OF ANTS AND OTHER INSECTS. 595 



I took all the artifacts awa}', carrying them in my left hand. Two 

 or three bees followed me, il^'ing- about my left hand and seeking to 

 settle upon the empty artifacts. The space picture was changed, so 

 the color and form of the object alone suffices bees for recollection. 



At 2.20 p. m. all of my bees, even the colored ones, had returned 

 to the dahlias. 



On the 27th of September — that is to say, eight days later — I wished 

 to make the same bees distinguish, by color alone, slips of various 

 colors placed in different places on a long, graduaded scale of shades 

 painted on a large sheet of paper and passing from white through 

 gra}' to black. 1 wished first to train one bee as to one color. I had, 

 however, reckoned without considering the memory of . the bees, 

 which spoiled the whole thing for me. Hardly had I laid my paper 

 and ni}^ slips on the meadow near the dahlia bed, set one or two bees 

 upon blue slips and painted them, when they began to fly about to all 

 the red, Idue, white, black, and other slips, whether provided with 

 honey or not, and to thoroughly search them. After a few moments 

 other bees came from the dahlia bed, and in a short time a whole 

 swarm descended upon the paper slips. Naturally the slips that had 

 honey upon them were more frequented, because the bees remained 

 there, but those that were entirely free from honey were stormed and 

 searched b}" groups of bees following one after another in flight, and 

 then again abandoned. The bees even stormed the color box, among 

 them one whose antenna? I had cut off'. He had already taken honev 

 from blue slips and had flown back from the hive. He sought the 

 blue cake of color in the color liox. 



In short, my experiment failed because all the bees still had in 

 their heads the former ])articolored artifacts associated with honey, 

 and therefore investigated all slips of paper similarly colored. The 

 association ''taste of honey and paper slip" was again awakened by 

 the perception of the latter and obtained a standing, as well as rapid, 

 powerful imitation, because honey was really found upon certain 

 of the slips. Ability to perceive and associate implies ability to 

 deduce analogically from individual experiences simple, instructive 

 conclusions, without which the work of perception and memory would 

 be nugatory. We have just given an example of this. I have related 

 in a previous paper that bumblebees whose nest I had transferred to 

 my window often mistook for that other windows in the same fayade 

 and examined them carefully for a long time before they righted 

 themselves. Lubbock relates similar instan<?es. Von Buttel shows 

 that bees who have become accustomed to a room and a window 

 learned from that to look for a room and a window in other places 

 (other houses). When Pissot covered over the entrance to a wasp's 

 nest with a net whose meshes measured 22 millimeters, the wasps, 

 checked at first, went below around the bottom, etc. Soon, however, 



