THE ANCIENT H1TTITE8. 687 



although Carchemish (Jerabis) on the Euphrates (west of Carrhar), a 

 Chatti state, for a couple of centuries keeps up the appearance of 

 independence by the ready payment of tribute to the suzerain of the 

 time until in 717 that region also became an Assyrian province. 



Another stratum of the Hittite peoples is met with during- the 

 fifteenth century in western Asia Minor in the Lukki, who, according 

 to the Tell-Amarna letters, carried on pirac}^ on the southern coast 

 of the Peninsula and as far as Cyprus. The provinces of hycia. and 

 and Lycaonia are named after them, and we assume that they overran 

 the whole of western Asia Minor. 



A couple of centuries later we see new Hittite peoples adv^ance and, 

 availing- themselves of a period of weakness of Assyria, settle in 

 northern Mesopotamia on the Euphrates. They were the Kummuch, 

 who gave their name to the later province of Commagene. Tiglath- 

 Pileser I (see above) joins with them in battle in 1100 b. c. on the 

 Euphrates and subjugates them, ])ut at the same time on the borders 

 of the Kummuch meets other peoples of the same race, the Muski, who 

 were not yet permanently settled, but still advancing, and farther ])ack 

 he meets the Kaski and Tabal. He repulses them. The Muski very 

 probabl}" retreated back of the Hah's and settled there, for in 700 b. c. 

 their name is employed as an old historical territorial designation of a 

 new kingdom, which was of the same character and extent, but Indo- 

 German. King Midas of Phr3-gia is called in the Assyrian inscriptions 

 "Mita of Muski.'' The Tabal settle in Cappadocia, the Kaski north 

 of it in Armenia Minor. In addition to these are also mentioned the 

 Kumani, who occupied the mountains of the province of Melitene and 

 have given Comana its name. 



A little later we meet another branch of the Hittite group in the 

 Chiiakku as heirs of the Lukki. The Assyrians came across them in 

 Cappadocia, though their name remained attached only to Cilicia, the 

 country south of the Taurus. 



All the peoples above mentioned maintained for centuries a con- 

 stantly changing attitude toward Assyria. Whenever the Assyrian 

 armies were far away, or Assyria was weakened through external 

 or internal upheavals, they withheld allegiance and stopped pa3'ing 

 tribute, but at the approach of the Assyrian armies they immediately 

 again sent tribute and declared their submission. Tired of this con- 

 stant change, the Assyrians at last embodied a part of these peoples 

 as provinces into their empire, Carchemish, in 717 b. c. (see above); 

 Tabal. with Chiiakku and Kur (with the capital Tarsus), that is, Cap- 

 padocia and Cilicia, under Sargon (7l*'2-7or) b. c); then Konnnanu 

 (with Comana) as tiie province of Tulzai inuuu in 712 b. c. 



The last shoots of Hittite state organization are most })i<)l)al)ly to be 

 looked for in the Lydian and Cilician Kingdoms. 



