THE ANCIENT HITTITES. 699 



1 to li meters in height, adorned with reliefs. The edifice in its 

 simplest form was oi a quadrangular ground plan with colossal walls 

 and had varied chambers. The front showed two large towers, which, 

 however, were not an organic part of the building. Between them an 

 open vestibule with columns formed the entrance, to which a few 

 steps led up. The columns must have been of wood, as nothing 

 is left of them excepting the stone bases, which were formed of single 

 or pairs of sphinxes, 



A gate very similar to that of Senjirli was found at the village of 

 Veynek, in Cappadocia, Part of the large stone slabs used as wall 

 dressing, upon which arc representations of sacrificial scenes, as also 

 two large sphinxes which flanked the gate passage, are still in place. 

 At Boghazkeu, also, numerous wall remnants of an extensive ancient 

 city are found. In the northern part of it are still discerned the 

 foundation walls of a large palace of quadrangular ground plan, with 

 many rooms. The walls are preserved to the height of about a meter, 

 and consist, like those of Senjirli, of rough, uncut stones. From this 

 circumstance it mav be inferred that here, too, the upper part of the 

 wall consisted of unburnt bricks. To the excavations at Jerabis, on 

 the Euphrates, on the site of the ancient and oft-mentioned Carchemish, 

 we owe our knowledge of the wall slabs with reliefs, which until now 

 represent the high-water mark of Hittite artistic development in sculp- 

 ture (see pi. ii), in which, however, Ass3a"ian influence is distinctly 

 discernible. It shows itself in the position and carriage of the figures 

 and in the care applied to the reproduction of ornamental details. 

 Worthy of notice is the remarkabl}^ high relief employed in some of 

 the Jerabis sculptures. The reliefs, accompanied by inscriptions, 

 evidently form the decoration of the entrance to a Hittite palace. 



The subjects of the Hittite sculptors, so far as can be understood, 

 are chiefly religious, and have been largely referred to above, but 

 special mention may be made of a unique work upon a rock at Boghaz- 

 keu. It has a human head with a pointed cap upon it, while the entire 

 bod}?^ is composed of four lions. Of two of them only the fore parts 

 are represented; the}" form the breast. Their bodies, to the right and 

 the left, are turned outward, and appear at a distance like arm 

 stumps. The two other lions represented in full are bent with their 

 heads downward and turn their Ixicks to the right and the left out- 

 ward. Thev represent the bod}" of the figure, Ih place of legs, 

 which are not indicated, there are perpendicular straight lines, which 

 unite at the bottom. The freciuontly occurring double eagle (fig, 3, 

 pi, ii) is also remarkable as a second instance of the composition of fan- 

 tastic figures of animals, but especially because it forms a directly 

 connecting link between modern times and Hittite antiquity, for the 

 Austrian double eagle is borrowed from the latter. It was first 



