V84 THROUGH SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA. TO THE SUDAN. 



land. I had resolved to pass along- the eastern shore of Lake Ganjule, 

 in order to solve the problem of the sources of the river Sagan, the 

 largest affluent of Lake Stefauic, which was supposed to flow out of 

 Lake Ganjule. This 1 found to be not the case. The sources of the 

 Sagan lie east of the south end of Lake Abaya. But there is a broad 

 channel connecting Lake Ganjule with the Sagan. The bed of this 

 channel was dry at the time, but there were some large and small 

 water pools scattered over it. When the water rises in Lake Ganjule 

 for about 5 inches, which will probably take place every year at the 

 beginning of the rainy season, a large river will run from Lake 

 Ganjule to the Sagan. On the upper Sagan I again found some hot 

 sulphurous springs. It was impossible to follow the coui'se of the 

 Sagan, as it runs at some places through densest forest, the haunt of 

 rhinos and bufl'aloes, the tracks of which were to be seen everywhere. 

 I went round the south corner of the lake and ascended the mountains 

 of GarduUa, which I reached in the second week of January, 1901. 



The Gardulla were the iirst people of Bantu stock that I met. The 

 difference can be seen at tirst glance in their heavier and stronger built 

 tigures and their nearly black skin. While working in the tields the 

 men go quite naked, in the villages they wear skins and cotton stuft's. 

 Cotton is the principal cultivation of Gardulla and of most countries 

 northward to Koslia and Konta, while farther north Kaffa and Jimma 

 are the first coffee lands of Africa. As the hills of Gardulla are very 

 stony, the inhabitants range the stones in terraces, so that a Gardulla 

 hill has the aspect of a vineyard on the Rhine. They have their houses 

 and the walls surrounding them made of broad, plain planks, and on 

 the top of the reed roof there is as ornament a red earthenware vase. 

 The land was formerly under a queen, who still lives in a place called 

 Gidole. The Abyssinians still allow her to exercise her authority in 

 petty affairs, but she has no further influence whatever. The true 

 ruler of the land, the Futarari Wolde, is a subchief of Futarari Afta 

 Georgis, to whom the Emperor Menelik gave these countries when 

 conquered, ])ut who prefers to remain in Adis Abeba. The Gardulla 

 wear bi'oad necklaces of brass or copper. The women wear bracelets, 

 necklets, and rings round Angers and toes, made of small red and blue 

 ])eads. In Gardulla I saw the flrst camels since my departure from 

 Adis A))eba. Futarari Wolde has a large herd of these animals, 

 ol)tained from the countries of the Bovana and Tertale, near Lake 

 Stefanie, which are kept in a place at the foot of the mountains. 

 Westward of Gardulla there is a large uninhal)ited plain, called by the 

 Abyssinians ' ' Adoshcbai. " 



The spirit Adoshebai of the Ab3^ssinians combines the qualities of a 

 devil and patron saint of the huntei's. They call upon Adoshebai when 

 they have killed a lion, elephant, rhino, giraffe, or })uff'alo, and even a 

 poor Shankala — that is to say, any of theii' large game. I may here 



