OSTEOLOGY OF THE DODO. 55 
has a broad, bituberculate base (ib. hy), but is limited in fore and aft extent to the 
middle third of the under surface of the centrum: its length is shown in fig. 6, hy. The 
parapophysis (fig. 7, p) is slender, and expands at both attachments, with an indication 
of a terminal surface. The diapophysis (d) has a larger costal surface: it sends for- 
ward a convex ridge midway between the di- and zygapophysis (z). The neural canal 
(fig. 7, n) has wider and more fully elliptical outlets than the hinder dorsal vertebre, 
in relation to the greater extent of motion at the fore part of the series. I conclude 
that a free pleurapophysis (p/) existed, indicating the present to be the first of the dorsal 
series, as shown in Pl. XV. The neural spine is short, broad, obtusely pointed, with a 
vertically oblong syndesmotic surface (fig. 7) before and behind. Each postzygapophysis 
(fig. 6, z!) supports an anapophysial tubercle (a). 
A cervical vertebra from a position just in advance of the above has lost the neural 
spine, but retains the hypapophysis. This process (ib. figs. 8 & 9, hy) is compressed 
and directed obliquely downward and forward for an extent of 6 lines; the extremity is 
rounded: the length of the centrum of this vertebra is 1 inch 3 lines; the anterior 
articular surface is longest transversely, and concave in that direction, convex vertically ; 
the proportions and curvatures are transposed in the posterior surface (fig. 9, ¢). The 
parapophysis (ib. p) is continued from the anterior border of the centrum to the 
middle; it is a depressed plate, confluent with the rib (ib. d). The diapophysis 
forms a short, obtuse projection above its anchylosis with the rib (ib. pl): this 
projects backward 7 lines in length, terminating obtusely, and circumscribing a ver- 
tebrarterial foramen (ib. v) of a full elliptic shape, 54 lines in long diameter. The 
surfaces of the preezygapophyses (z) are larger, and look more upward and less inward, 
than in the preceding and the dorsal vertebrae: they are very slightly concave. ‘Those 
of the postzygapophyses (fig. 8, 2’), with a downward and slightly outward aspect, are 
in a similar degree convex. The neural canal, as usual in the cervical series, expands 
at its outlets, most so posteriorly (fig. 9, n); the middle of the upper surface of the 
neural arch is impressed by an elliptical, rough, ligamentous surface, which slightly 
rising in the middle is the sole indication of a neural spine. The upper surface of 
each postzygapophysis developes a tuberous anapophysis (figs. 8 & 9, a). 
The three cervicals that succeed the axis show progressively sinking neural spines, 
which subside in the six following vertebre (Pl. XV.). The third cervical has also the 
hypapophysis (Pl. XXIII. fig. 3, hy). 
In all the other cervicals of the present series the hypapophysis is wanting, but each 
parapophysis developes a plate (Pl. XVII. figs. 10 & 11, Pl. XX. fig. 1, p) to form the 
sides of the hemal canal through which the carotids ran; and the position of such yer- 
tebree in the cervical series is indicated, respectively, by the degree of convergence of . 
these processes, in none of which, where entire, have they met so as to circumscribe the 
canal: in some of these vertebra, however, they are mutilated. They differ chiefly in 
the position and shape of the anapophyses (fig. 10, @), which advance from above the 
