194 MR. ST. G. MIVART ON THE SKELETON OF THE PRIMATES. 
the first phalanx of the third digit to the length of the entire manus is greater than in 
Man or the Troglodytes. 
The pollex, with its metacarpal, as compared with the spine, is longer in the Orang 
than in Man or Troglodytes; compared with the length of the manus it is, as in the last- 
named genus, much shorter than in Man. The proximal phalanx of the pollex is more 
slender than in Troglodytes or Homo, notably so as compared with that of the Gorilla. 
The index, with its metacarpal, as compared with the spine, is longer than in the 
higher forms, as also in the third digit. Without their metacarpals these digits, when 
compared with the length of the manus, are scarcely longer proportionally than in the 
Chimpanzee, and but little more so than in Man or the Gorilla. 
The difference between the length of the index and that of the pollex is greater 
than in the higher genera’. 
The fifth digit is the shortest, Se counting the pollex ; the second may or may not be 
somewhat longer than the fourth ; and the third is the longest (Pl. XLII. fig. 1). 
The order of projection is similar to that of length. 
As in Troglodytes, the proportion, in the Orang, borne by the longest digit (without 
its metacarpal) to the longest metacarpal is less than in man, though it is somewhat 
greater than in the Gorilla. 
The pollex does not reach to the distal end of the metacarpal of the index, but falls 
short by about one-eighth of the length of that metacarpal; it is therefore decidedly 
shorter, thus compared, than in the Chimpanzee, and still more so than in the Gorilla: 
and thus in this respect the Orang differs very widely from Man’. 
Os innominatum. (Plate XX XIX.) 
This complex bone consists, as in the higher forms, of the ilium, ischium, and pubis 
anchylosed together. The ilium is wide, but less so in proportion to its height than in 
the Gorilla, and very much less so than in Man, being in fact much as in the 
Chimpanzee, though perhaps on the whole somewhat broader’. 
The external surface (P]. XX XIX. fig. 1) is convex anteriorly, concave posteriorly ; 
but generally the concavity is very much more marked and extensive than is the 
convexity, in which the Orang agrees with Troglodytes—as also in the depth of the 
concavity, which is much greater than in Man. ‘The curved lines found on the human 
ilium are not to be distinguished in Sima any more than in 7’roglodytes; and the bone 
is somewhat less developed posteriorly than in that genus. 
‘ Lueae, loc. cit. p. 308, 
* As often before remarked or represented, Owen, Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. i. p. 865; De Blainyille, ‘ Ostéo- 
graphie,’ Primates, Pithecus, p. 30; Huxley, ‘ Medical Times,’ 1864, vol. i. p. 565; and Huxley & Hawkins, 
‘Atlas of Comparative Osteology,’ plate x. fig. 3. Also Duvernoy, ‘Archives du Mus,’ vol. viii. p. 27; and 
Iucae, loc. cit, p. 305, 
* As mentioned by Professor Owen, Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. i. p. 363, and by Professor Huxley, ‘ Medical Times,’ 
1864, vol. i. p. 565, 
