to 
wo 
&9 
THREE EXTINCT SPECIES. OF ELEPHANT, 
Ey cifriéanws (yung) ii:).. Acme we teehee. 1 to 4:00 
Pi anedveum (female) isan Aewaddateke ese eee 1 ,, 4:53 
Pi andiena(Sutiatra) os te. 4ith essa sesh s<d esa or 42. 
MOT UMAGENUUS deca snandted shsiduemenicatlsew talents pe 4200 
From this we may probably consider that the usual length of the entire humerus in a 
fully grown mature Elephant is rather more than four times (4:3) the antero-posterior 
diameter of the head. In the young animal, in which the head has probably not attained 
its full size, the length would seem to be greater in proportion. From these data as 
compared with those afforded in Cuvier’s table, it may be concluded that in all pro- 
bability the Maltese Elephant to which the above-mentioned fragment belonged was 
about 8 feet high. 
3. A third well-characterized bone, belonging apparently to an animal of the same pro- 
portions, is the nearly entire spinous process of the 17th or 18th dorsal vertebra (fig. 2). 
The fragment is 56 long; and the neural spine itself measures along the anterior border 
5-2, and along the posterior 4’"7._ Its smallest antero-posterior diameter is 1'-3, and at 
the base 2"°3. Its least tr. d. is 05; and the ap. d. of the expanded outer end 1-65. It 
is grooved behind for about half its length, whilst the anterior edge is acute nearly 
throughout. The right articular facet is present and entire ; it measures 1-2 * in length, 
by 0-9 in breadth, and it is of an oblong form. The corresponding spinous process in 
the African Elephant (No. 7084, B.M.) with which comparison has before been made, 
measures 5'5 along the anterior, and 3'"8 along the posterior border, its least ap. d. being 
1-2, and at the base 5"°7, the least tr. d. 1!"0, and ap. d. 38, at distal end 1-5. 
Of the teeth of this species, I have been able to detect only innumerable fragments 
of the tusks, which from their size must be referred to an animal of considerable 
bulk. The majority of these are too imperfect for description; but amongst them is 
a fragment, nearly five inches long, of the solid part of a tusk, 2’°8 in diameter. The 
fragment has been split off nearly down the middle ; and the interior is thus shown to be 
quite solid; the portion, therefore, of the tusk to which it belonged was some distance 
above the base, which must have been greater in circumference. It is also to be ob- 
served that the outer surface of the fragment is strongly sulcate, showing that the outer- 
most layer or layers have been removed ; we may conclude, therefore, that the fragment 
does not represent the real diameter of the tusk, which may consequently be regarded as 
having been of considerable size, and quite commensurate with an animal 8 feet high 
or more. 
Among the immature bones, are two well-marked fragments which, from their size 
appear to belong to the young of the same species as that whose remains have just 
been described. The portions in question are—(1) a left exoccipital, and (2) a con- 
siderable portion of the shaft of the left femur. 
The exoccipital bone (figs. 3 and 4, Pl. XLIV.) corresponds pretty nearly in size, and 
* This facet appears much too small in the figure, owing probably to its having been drawn foreshortened, 
