256 MR. BUSK ON THE REMAINS OF 
head of the humerus (side uncertain) ; (12) the upper end, minus the olecranon of the 
right ulna; (13) a detached olecranon of the left ulna; (14) a fragment of the shaft of 
the left ulna; (15) a portion of the right os inmnominatum, including part of the aceta- 
bulum; (16) a portion of the articular head of the femur; (17) a great part of the 
shaft of the right femur; (18) the lower end of the left tibia. 
1. Bones of Cranium and Face. 
‘The ascending ramus of the mandible in the Elephant appears to afford very dis- 
tinctive characters, at any rate between the African and Indian species; and the ac- 
quisition, therefore, of a considerable portion of this part of the skeleton of HZ. melitensis 
is of great value. The two fragments both belong to the same side. ‘They are of exactly 
the same dimensions, and, so far as they can be compared, of the same age, and 
that probably of a fully mature animal in which the third molar had advanced into 
the horizontal ramus. The larger of the two fragments (Pl. XLVII. tig. 15) is about 
4”-6 long, and about 2”2 in ap. d. at the lower part, or at about three inches below the 
upper border of the dental foramen. The condyle or head appears to have been broken 
off through the smallest part of the neck ; and this is at a level of about an inch above the 
middle, or thereabouts, of the dental foramen. ‘The bone is broken on the external border 
at this part, so that the entire width or tr. d. of the neck cannot be determined; but it may 
be estimated at about 13. The ap. d. of the ramus ona level with the lowest part of the 
dental foramen is 1-7. The posterior or, rather, interior angle is rather acute, and it 
descends evenly till the angularity merges in the inner surface of the bone about 15 
below the dental foramen; immediately exterior to this angular border the surface 
presents a shallow sulcus, bounded on the outside by a second ridge, beyond which the 
posterior and outer surface is flattened or slightly concave. ‘The anterior, and internal 
angle is somewhat acute, especially at the lower part. ‘The anterior surface is too much 
broken to demand any special description; but it may be remarked that the peculiar 
pock-like pitting which is exhibited on that surface within the base of the coronoid 
process in all Elephants, but which is much more pronounced in the African than in the 
Indian species, is very well shown in the jaw of E. melitensis. As these markings 
represent a muscular insertion, their distinctness in the present case is an additional 
indication, if the proof were required, that the bone was that of a mature animal. The 
inner surface is concave, and presents at the upper part the inferior dental foramen. As 
nearly as can be estimated, this opening is about 1" in ap.d. It is very oblique; and 
the inferior margin is interrupted by a deep and wide fissure. ‘The anterior border is 
very thick, the posterior very acute. 
Compared with the corresponding part of the mandible in the African and Indian 
Elephants, that of E. melitensis exhibits striking peculiarities beyond its size, though 
on the whole its resemblance may be said to lean much more towards the African than 
