THREE EXTINCT SPECIES OF ELEPHANT. 241 
the former, if the ribs are articulated as in the Indian Elephant, seeing that the remains 
of an articular surface are visible on the anterior aspect of the left transverse process. 
The bone is remarkably perfect, wanting only the extremity of the neural spine and 
a small portion of the right transverse process. 
Its principal dimensions are as follows:—Transverse width from the end of one 
transverse process to the other, as they are, 4’"7, but in the perfect state probably 5" or 
more. Height of body 1-85. Thickness 1'"5. Width of anterior surface of body 
2'-15, of posterior 2”°2; anterior costal facets 1-109; of posterior 1'-05 x 0"°65 ; 
ap. d. of neurapophyses 1"2; extreme distance between the outer borders of the 
two posterior articular facets 1"6. The neural arch, especially when viewed from 
behind, is cordiform, about 1” high, and 1-4 wide; the body is also cordiform in figure, 
very concave behind, and but slightly convex in front. ‘The neural spine is inclined 
backwards almost to a horizontal position. It is sharply carinate above, with a deep 
irregular hollow on one side only; beneath it is deeply and widely sulcate beyond the 
expanded base, whilst between the posterior articular facets it presents an elevated 
ridge. 
4, The second or third lumbar vertebra (fig. 11), evidently belonging to the same 
animal as the other two. It is unfortunately not quite so perfect as either of the 
others, but still sufficiently so to afford a very good idea of its characters. Its dimen- 
sions are:—Height of body 1""7; thickness or ap. d. 15; width of anterior surface 
2’-1, and of posterior 2'-4; ap. d. of neurapophyses 1'1; extreme distance between 
the outer borders of the posterior articular facets 1-5. The neural arch is depressed, 
its height about 0"°8, and width in front 1”-65. The body is suboval, very concave 
behind, and nearly flat in front. Both transverse processes are broken short off, as is 
also the greater part of the apparently small neural spine. 
In the second lumbar vertebra of £. (var.) sumatrensis, which approaches the nearest 
in size to the Maltese specimen, the diameter of the body behind is 3":45, and its 
thickness 2-8; whilst the distance between the outer borders of the posterior articular 
surfaces is 1"-95, and the transverse diameter of the canal 2"-2, and its height 1'-68. 
5. The only other fragment belonging to the spine, and appearing from its dimensions 
to correspond very closely with the three vertebra just described, is one of the anterior 
dorsal spines (Pl. XLV. fig. 7). Itis broken off through the roots of the neurapophyses, 
so that a small segment of the medullary canal is left. Measured from this point to 
the extremity, which, though chipped on one side, yet shows very distinctly that it was 
tipped with cartilage, the length of the spine along the anterior border is about 5". 
It is very slender and subtriangular in shape, with an acute angle in front, and rather 
obtuse ones on the sides. Behind, it exhibits a shallow groove towards the outer end; 
but below the middle the surface rises into a ridge which descends nearly, but not 
quite, to the border of the vertebral caual. 
6. A portion of the second rib of the right side (P1. XLV. fig. 8) measuring about 4'°5 
