THREE EXTINCT SPECIES OF ELEPHANT. 247. 
E. africanus. _E, melitensis. 
Transverse diameter of inner facet ...........0.00005 ‘O39 “634 
Antero-posterior diameter of inner facet ......... “400 634 
Rength: of duterifacete sues: iis. sn seeiteed daswevens « “447 *425 
Width of ,, 5; sate ase ete Met. daca sack -276 “360 
(2) The differences between the ulna of the African and Indian species, as regards the 
upper end are not very striking, but so far as they go they tend to show a nearer 
approximation, in FE. melitensis, to the African form. These differences are—the 
radial sulcus is more rounded and shallower in E£. africanus, and the inner articular 
facet wider at what may be termed the neck, though in both the existing species that 
facet is much more elongated than it is in EZ. melitensis. The outer facet in all three 
is much alike, except that in E. indicus it has a small prominent tuberosity in front. In 
both species also there is a rather deep pit or fossa in front of the inner condyle, for the 
insertion probably of the drachialis anticus, which is scarcely indicated in E. melitensis. 
(3) Another character in which E. melitensis approaches E. africanus is in the deeper 
concavity at the upper part of the outer surface of the shaft, which part is nearly flat 
in £. indicus. 
As is well known, the lower articular surface of the ulna varies very materially in the 
existing species; but as no means exist of comparing this part in E. melitensis, it is 
needless here to notice it further. 
4. Hinder Extremity. 
1. The principal fragment belonging to the hinder extremity of EF. melitensis is a 
considerable portion of the shaft of the right femur, represented in Pl. XLV. fig. 6. 
It measures 9'*2 in length; and its least transverse diameter, which is at a distance of 
about 2 inches below the nutrient foramen, is 1/9; whilst the antero-posterior at the 
same part is 1""5, and the circumference 5'°5 ; from which dimensions it may be com- 
puted, according to the data given in the Table of comparative measurements, that the 
total length of the femur was somewhere about 20 inches. The upper extremity, inclu- 
ding all trace of an epiphysial suture, has been broken off irregularly about two inches 
above the nutrient foramen, which is situated on the inner side of the bone, close behind 
the anterior and internal angle of the shaft. The lower end is also broken off in the 
same irregular manner, just where the shait is beginning to expand ; and there is con- 
sequently no trace of the distal epiphysial surface. The compactness and thickness of the 
cortical substance, together with the well-marked muscular and vascular impressions, 
and the general aspect of the bone, all show that it is that of a mature animal, though 
it is not possible to determine whether the epiphyses were fully united. Its compara- 
tive dimensions, actual and computed, in relation to those of the humerus and portion 
of pelvis &c., already described, leave no doubt that it must have belonged to an 
animal of the same size as that indicated by those bones. 
