THREE EXTINCT SPECIES OF ELEPHANT. 249 
“in the lower part, the shaft is more rounded or convex, as may be gathered from the 
circumstance that at the line of the lower epiphysial suture the antero-posterior diameter 
is to the transverse, in the Indian Elephant, as about 603 to 1000; whilst in the African 
it is about 661. Besides which the anterior outline of the section at that part is more 
angular in the Indian femur. The difference in question is roughly shown in the ac- 
companying figures, of which fig. 9 represents the transverse section at the lower 
epiphysial suture of E. africanus, and fig. 10 that of EZ. indicus of about the same age 
2. On the posterior aspect the difference is considerably greater. In the African 
femur the bone throughout is flatter, and it is also much straighter in the vertical di- 
rection. In the Indian, commencing at about the termination of the upper third, the 
surface is much more rounded, and the shaft is convex in the vertical direction. The 
digital fossa is much deeper and prolonged further downwards in the African. 
3. The internal surface or aspect in the Indian Elephant is less rectangular, owing to 
the comparatively greater rounding off of the anterior and internal angle, and the 
greater prominence inwards of the posterior and internal, more especially in the situation - 
of the rudimentary trochanter minor, or adductor tuberosity, causing a prominence at 
that part, in the outline of the inner border, which is wanting in the African. The 
whole of the inner border is more rounded in the Indian, and also, in consequence of 
the greater projection inwards of the posterior and internal angle beyond the anterior 
and internal, more oblique in the upper part. 
4. The chief difference observable in the outer border of the shaft arises from the 
circumstance that the anterior and posterior surfaces, in the upper part, are less 
parallel to each other in the Indian than in the African femur, in consequence of which 
the outer surface is narrower in the former than in the latter, in which, owing to the 
parallelism of those two surfaces of the bone, both borders are of about the same 
width. 
5. Of the four angles, the anterior and internal is much more rounded off in the 
Indian than in the African, in which species, moreover, it is marked with a far 
deeper vascular groove. The anterior and outer angle also, in the upper part of the 
bone, is more pronounced in the African. The greater prominence of the posterior and 
internal angle in the Indian femur has already been noticed, to which may be added 
