THREE EXTINCT SPECIES OF ELEPHANT. 259 
adjoined, of which 17 represents the inferior contour of the trochlea as viewed in front, 
and 18 as seen from below, so as to exhibit the posterior intercondyloid fossa. As in the 
18 
17 
Ab f 
{_s 7 : 
great disparity of the condyles, so also in the concavity of the surface above the olecranon- 
fossa and, apparently, in the accompanying elevation of the internal condyloid ridge, 
does the humerus of E. falconeri resemble that of H. africanus ; but in it the concavity 
in question is even still greater. On the other hand, again, in the strongly marked 
angularity of the upper half of the shaft behind, the bone exactly resembles that of £. 
indicus. Scarcely enough of the bicipital groove remains to enable us to determine 
whether it was wide and shallow as in the African, or deep and narrow as in the Indian; 
but, so far as can be jydged from the way in which the outer border of the groove arches 
over it, it may be concluded, perhaps, that in that respect it resembled the Indian humerus 
rather than the African, in which neither border ever arches over the groove. And 
im the same particular does the bicipital groove in E. falconeri differ from that in 
E. melitensis, in which, as before said, the groove in its shallowness and. width fully 
equals, if it does not exceed, that of the African humerus. In other respects also, so 
far as can be judged from the small portion we possess of the humerus of EF. meli- 
tensis, it appears to present several other important points of difference:—The lateral 
compression of the upper epiphysial surface is much more marked in E£. melitensis, 
the extreme tr. d. of the surface in the specimen standing in the ratio of not 
more than 63 to 100, whilst in H. falconeri it is 76 to 100; whence we may conclude 
that the upper epiphysis, including the head and tuberosity, was proportionally broader 
in the latter. It is to be observed, also, that the small remaining portion of the outer 
surface of the shaft below the epiphysial junction in EL. melitensis shows no indication 
of the existence on that side of the shaft of the very peculiar deep and elongated fossa 
which is so striking a feature in the humerus of Z. falconeri. 
From all that has been stated, it appears to me that, besides its diminutive size, the 
remarkable humerus assigned to E. falconeri exhibits abundant evidence of specific 
distinction from either of the living species of Elephant, as well as from Z. melitensis 
and E. primigenius. 
The second portion of the ver eee (represented in fig. 27, Pl. XLIX.) fortunately 
replaces what was wanting of the lower extremity of the specimen just described. It 
presents the entire condyloid articulation ; and it is from it that the measurements and 
figures just cited, relating to this part, have been taken. It is of slightly larger propor- 
VOL. VI.—PART V. 20 
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