THREE EXTINCT SPECIES OF ELEPHANT. 265 
parative flatness or rather convexity of the surface below the radial fossa, and in the 
consequent want of elevation of the outer and inner angles which constitute the borders of 
a deep concavity in £. africanus. From the same species it also differs in the rotundity 
of the inner angle, in which it in the same degree resembles the Indian. It also differs 
from the African in the absence of any flattening on the inner face of the inner head, 
and from both the Indian and the African in the want of any pit or depression in front 
of the inner head (for the insertion, as I suppose, of the brachialis anticus). But in the 
apparent arching inwards of the olecranon it presents a decidedly African character. 
As regards the dimensions of the bone when entire, if we take the comparative length 
of the humerus and ulna in the Indian Elephant, as exemplified in the skeleton of 
Chuny in the Royal College of Surgeons, the length of the ulna in E. falconeri would 
be about 10’°3 ; according to the skeleton of the Ceylon Elephant in the British Museum, 
9”-9 ; according to Cuvier’s measurements of the Indian Elephant, 9°8; and according 
to the African Elephant in the British Museum, 97:2. We may conclude therefore 
that the probable length was about 10 inches. Assuming this as the length, it would 
seem that the transverse width of the upper articular head, allowing the utmost for loss 
by abrasion &c, is at least 0:5 less than it ought to be, had it stood in anything like the 
same proportion to the length of the bone that that dimension does in the four instances 
cited, in which the diameter in question would seem to equal about one quarter of the 
entire length of the bone. 
9. Bones of the Fore Foot. 
The only other bone belonging to the anterior extremity that admits of satisfactory 
identification is the proximal phalanx of the third digit of the left side (Pl. LI. fig. 
41). The bone, which appears to be that of a mature animal, as the epiphysis is per- 
fectly united, without any trace of the junction, is quite entire, and presents no trace 
of weathering or wear. It is exactly 1” long, and the same in tr. d. at the upper end, 
which is 0:9 in ap. d., whilst the lower end has a tr. d. of 0-9, and an ap. d. of 0/58, 
In form and proportions it differs in no respect from the corresponding bone in E£. indi- 
cus (Chuny), which has a length of 3-0. Assuming the proportionate lengths of the 
bones to be similar to those in £. indicus, as shown in the specimen above named, 
this proximal phalanx would give for the humerus of Z. falconeri a length of between 
11” and 12”, or about the same as that which [have deduced from the other data which 
have been already discussed. 
10. Pelvis. 
The pelvis of EZ. falconeri is represented by a considerable portion of the left os txnomé- 
natum, which is shown in Pl. L. fig. 31. The fragment includes the entire acetabulum, 
with a small portion of the body of the ischium, and a still smaller portion of the body of 
the pubis,—very important parts of the bone, inasmuch as they form the boundaries of the 
upper or anterior part of the foramen ovale, the value of which as affording a distinctive 
