THREE EXTINCT SPECIES OF ELEPHANT. 293 
successional tooth advancing behind it. The outline is bowed very considerably side- 
ways, being convex upon the inner side, and concave on the outer, to a greater degree 
even than is indicated by the figures. The residuary worn surface of the crown 
exhibits seven abraded ridges, of which the four anterior disks show rather wide and 
open depressions, with a defined angular expansion in the middle. The plates of 
enamel are rather thick and uniformly straight, presenting not the slightest degree of 
crimping or plicature, with the exception of the sharply angular, little, mesial expansion. 
The three next hinder ridges are but slightly abraded. The anterior disks are very 
oblique in their direction, which runs from the inside outwards and backwards. The 
unworn hind portion is so completely enveloped by cement, and the plates so nearly 
horizontal, that it is hardly possible to reckon exactly the number of ridges composing 
this part of the crown. But approximately the fragment is estimated to have in all 
nine ridges, with a small posterior talon. There are no means of determining exactly 
how many ridges have disappeared in front, as all remains of the great front fang are 
wanting. The width of the crown gradually diminishes back to the talon, as normally 
occurs with the last true molar of the Elephants. ‘The dimensions are :— 
im. 
Hixtremevl eng hh Ofetrag emi npl dae ose -epmepi = sie s60)s swindon stem aeeee a 4:2 
Width ofenowmiat secon Dutid ep pia <ferleproclge sicemiccmicviclids «/smebidomate apes ce 1:3 
Wadi hpotscrown: at sevent lad 26 pan. pitch copiseadtmees ues claciuleadapes ae? 1:2 
iid thmotycrownt bebing tr, tecemner on. bp iyi ensetensedaisebeeci-ceeateerbelees 0°85 
Space occupied by second, third, and fourth disks.....................24. iticall 
Length of residuary grinding-surface, including seven ridges ......... 2°3 
Extreme height of crown near middle, where unworn .................. 271 
The fangs are broken off along the base near the roots; the contour of this part of the 
tooth when reversed is very much and nearly uniformly curved, like a bow on the 
stretch. 
“The specimen next to be noticed confirms the inference drawn from fig. 12. It 
consists of the posterior half of a lower molar, right side, including six ridges and the 
greater part of the posterior talon. It is represented by fig. 13. Like fig. 12, what 
remains of the fragment is concave on the outside, and convex inwards in the longi- 
tudinal direction. The three anterior ridges are worn; but the grinding-surface is very 
distorted, descending nearly vertically in a spoon-shaped concavity from the outside 
inwards and downwards: this peculiarity had evidently been caused by the crown 
having been opposed to an abnormally developed or diseased upper molar. The dis- 
tortion is attempted to be shown by the contrasted shades of fig. 13, the dark tint 
showing the higher side. But the amount is best expressed by measurements,— 
in, 
The height of the crown at the outer side of the distorted portion being ...... 2°9 
Bardot thetitiver rs Auli sin sama hamid esis aateds «eaves she -iesiesloule omigeiare- Se umas 195 
