29 MR. BUSK ON THE REMAINS OF 
[o/2) 
depression arising from the pressure of a tooth advancing behind it. As the same result 
is yielded in a still more decided fashion by inferior molars noticed above*, I see no 
alternative to the inference that it was an adult tooth of a dwarf species of Elephant. 
The following are the dimensions :— in 
Extreme length of crown, measured from back talon to anterior edge, exactly 4:0 
Width’of-ditto'atsecond: midge | 9% ce. AeA Fen ay er eee ree 
Width of dittotat third ridge ¥.)° 217 44) (7018 AIRE Od OAR aiie Se Bis 
Width oftditto at Sixth ridse= 3° <)775t 2) Tit Shei sonRtaaa Mit ameet OF oreo 
Giéstest width of crown’ “2°22 2G VS a eae Serene 
Width ‘at’ 9th nidge* 4°) QOS Stay Ot ne Fe SO Fale 
Width at last ridge . . . eth ALL EO) 
Greatest height of crown, feien at { fetlestion of 10th ridge PETRY POS I29 
Length occupied by five disks, from second to sixth inclusive . . . . . 18 
Width at middle of third disk, taken between the enamel-edges . . . . 0°23 
‘““ With reference to the alimentary characters, the disks of ivory, and the cement-hollows 
between the enamel ridges are but slightly excavated ; in fact the most anterior portion 
of the crown exhibits the flat and nearly uniformly smooth surface which is commonly, 
presented by Elephants reared in the domestic state and fed upon potatoes and other 
soft food. The inference to be drawn from this is, that the food of the Maltese species 
was more herbaceous than woody. 
6. “ Ridge-formula.—It now remains to consider how the data furnished above by 
the molars bear upon the determination of the ridge-formula, which of all the characters 
is the most significant in pointing out the affinities of the ant 
(1) Milk-molars.—The antepenultimate milk-molar m.-m.2 (fig. 2) is seen to 
have been composed of three collines, like the corresponding ‘tooth of the African 
Elephant , while in E. primigenius, E. indicus, and other species of the subgenus 
Euelephas, it presents four collines. 
«The penultimate milk-molar m.-m. 3 is clearly proved by the upper germ-specimen, 
fig. 6, and by the lower, fig. 4, to have had five collines besides front and back talons. 
In the African Elephant it is composed commonly of five ridges in the upper jaw and of 
six in the lower; whilst in the species of Huelephas the number ranges from seven to 
eight, seven being the complement in Z. antiquus, and eight that in the Indian 
Elephant and Mammoth. 
“Of the last milk-molar, m.-m. 4, the specimen shown in fig. 5 fortunately presents the 
crown of an inferior tooth in perfect integrity, composed of eight ridges in addition to 
a front and hind talon; the African Elephant commonly yields the same number, while 
* Those shown in figs. 11, 12, 13. 
+ In the only specimen to which I haye had access of a foetal African Elephant, in the British Museum, and 
which is the one referred to by Dr. Falconer (page 284) as haying been brought by Dr. Livingstone, the m.-m. 2 
in both upper and lower jaws haye distinctly four collines and two talons (six elements). 
