VISCOUNT WALDEN ON THE BIRDS OF CELEBES. 29 
Taste VI.—Showing the principal Austro-Malayan or Papuan genera which do not 
occur in Celebes. 
Henicopernis. Meliphaga. Mimeta. Geoffroyius. 
Podargus. Anthochera. _ Rectes. Charmosyna. 
Agotheles. Philemon. Cracticus. Platycercus. 
Eurystopodus. Gerygone. Pachycephala. Psittacula (Cyclopsitta). 
Choucalcyon. Petroica. Myiolestes. Nasiterna. 
Mellidora. Peltops. Manucodia. Microglossum. 
Cyanalcyon. Macheerirhynchus. Ptilonorhynchus. Dasyptilus. 
Syma. Arses. Lycocorax. Trugon. 
Aleyone. Monarcha. Gymnocorvus. Goura. 
Myzomela. Piezorhynchus. Kos. Henicophaps. 
Entomophila. Micreeca, Lorius. Casuarius. 
Glyciphila. Todopsis. 
The zoogeographical relationship of the Philippines and Celebes, as exemplified by 
their birds, has been adverted to by Mr. Wallace and other writers. Unfortunately 
the Philippine archipelago, with its twelve hundred islands, has been but imperfectly 
explored; while the localities of many, if not of all, the known Philippine species are 
but vaguely ascertained. Luzon, the island whose ornithology has been the most 
investigated, is the furthest off from Celebes, and has the large island of Mindanao 
and many of less importance intervening. The resemblance which exists between 
the Celebean and Philippine avifaunas rests on the occurrence of Papuan genera in 
Mindanao, and perhaps in South Luzon, which likewise occur in Celebes: Cacatua, 
Tanygnathus, Phlogenas’, Hemiphaga, and Megapodius may be cited. ‘Two genera 
seem to be confined to Celebes and the Philippines—Prioniturus and Pyrrhocentor ; 
this last is only known from Mindanao. Megapodius cumingi (Gould) is stated by 
Camel (v. Martens, op. cit. p. 26) to be found in Mindanao and in Mindoro. The 
exact habitats of the other genera remain to be determined. The known Philippine 
genera of the Picarie and Passeres are nearly all Indo-Malayan; but then they have 
mostly been as yet only obtained from the neighbourhood of Manilla. They include 
characteristic Indian genera unknown in Celebes. Such are, besides Hierax, Harpactes, 
Chrysocolaptes, and several other Picide, Xantholema, Irena, Copsychus, Cittacinela, 
Tchitrea, Ixos, Hypsipetes, Parus, and genera such as Lanius and Turdus. 
That Mindanao contains a strong Indian element, however, is shown by the fact that 
Xantholema, Irena, and Copsychus have been there obtained; Drena also occurs in the 
island of Panay. Thus enough is known of the Philippine ornis to justify anticipation, 
when it is worked out, of highly interesting zoogeographical facts, but not sufficient to 
enable us to determine the degree of relationship between the avifauna of the Philippine 
and Celebean areas. 
" Phlogeenas luzonica (Seop.), =cruenta (Gm.), is said by Buzeta to occur in the Calamines (conf. v. Martens, 
J. fiir O. 1866, p. 25). 
