40 VISCOUNT WALDEN ON THE BIRDS OF CELEBES. 
“If the races are separable, I should think that probably the birds from Ceram, and 
Amboyna also (according to Wallace), and perhaps those from Celebes, should stand as 
E. magicus, and those from Morty, Gilolo, Ternate, and Batchian as E.. leucospila, 
from which the pale-coloured birds from Bouru may be also separable. But the 
differences are too slender to form a basis for specific distinction, and very probably 
are not constant.” 
Mr. G. R. Gray (Hand-list, i. p. 46) treats these forms as distinct species, but makes 
them both to be inhabitants of Celebes. 
32. EPHIALTES MENADENSIS (Quoy et Gaimard), Voy. Astrolabe, Zool. i. p. 170, pl. 2. 
fig. 2, “Menado” (1830); Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Oti, p. 20; Wallace, Ibis, 
1868, p. 25. 
Hab. Gorontalo (Forsten); Macassar, Menado, Island of Flores (Wallace). 
Dr. Hartlaub (Faun. Madagasc.) identified the Madagascar brown form, Scops mada- 
gascariensis, Grandid., with the Celebean E. menadensis, but retained S. rutilus, Pucher. 
(Archives du Mus. iy. pl. 22), as a distinct species. Professor Schlegel (Rech. s, 1. 
Faun. Mad.) concurs with Dr. Hartlaub, but besides points out that S. rutilus is 
nothing but the rufous phase. Mr. J. H. Gurney (Ibis, 1869, p. 452) admits the 
identity of the two Madagascar forms, but considers the Madagascar to be a larger 
local race of the Celebean EF. menadensis, and (in epist.) “ would be disposed to rank 
it as one for which a specific name is convenient.’ One of Forsten’s Celebean 
examples (Mus. Pays-Bas, /. c.), “‘ teintes tirant fortement au roux,” leads us to expect 
that EH. menadensis will yet be found in Celebes exhibiting the rufous livery of 8. 
rutilus, Pucher. The Flores habitat rests solely on the authority of Mr. Wallace. 
Celebean examples only are contained in the Leyden Museum. 
Niyox, Hodgson. 
33. NINOX JAPONICUS (Bp.), Consp. i. p. 41 (1850), ex Schlegel, Faun. Jap. pl. 9. 
Noctua hirsuta japonica, Schlegel, Nederl. Tijdschr. 1866, p. 182. 
Hab. Celebes (Von Rosenberg); Japan, China (Schlege/). 
The occurrence of a species of Minox in Celebes was first made known by Professor 
Schlegel (/. ¢.). One example, collected by Von Rosenberg, is stated by the Professor 
to be absolutely identical with Japanese and Chinese individuals. A second Celebean 
example, obtained by the same collector, Professor Schlegel considers to be more nearly 
related to the Minox of continental India. A third example, sent from the island of 
Sanghir, the same author regards as most nearly resembling the Bornean form Athene 
borneensis, Bp., but with larger dimensions. The range of the subgenus Ninow is 
extensive. Its members are found in Ceylon, which furnished the type of Strix hirsuta, 
Temm.; in Southern and Central India, S. lugubris, Tickell; in the Himalayas, WV. 
nipalensis, Hodgs., whence they extend eastward and north-eastward to Japan, where 
