VISCOUNT WALDEN ON THE BIRDS OF CELEBES. 61 
I have compared two Macassar male examples collected by Mr. Wallace with a large 
series of Javan individuals, and have failed in detecting any valid specific differences. 
The black-naped Orioles, before attaining their full plumage, pass through a stage 
wherein the two centre rectrices retain the olive-green hue found in younger birds, 
while they have already put on the black feathers which surround the head, and the full 
bright adult yellow plumage of the entire under surface, the crown, the neck, and the 
rump, the plumage of the back alone showing immaturity by traces, more or less, of 
dingy greenish-yellow. It would seem that the central pair of olive-coloured rectrices 
are not moulted and replaced by a pair of new black feathers, but rather that the olive- 
green hue changes gradually into black, commencing from near the tips, which are pure 
yellow at the earliest stage, and thence passing upwards. In adult Javan examples the 
lesser wing-coverts are tipped with yellow, thus forming a conspicuous yellow speculum. 
But in Javan examples in the stage of plumage above described, these yellow tips are 
frequently absent, or only commencing to be developed. The two Macassar examples 
are in the intermediate stage of plumage described above: one has no yellow tips to 
the lesser wing-coverts; in the other they are just appearing. Whether in perfect 
plumage the yellow alar bar is wanting, as in the Sula B. frontalis, has yet to be ascer- 
tained. In the mean time I shall retain the Macassar Oriole under the title of the Javan 
bird. The Macassar species is somewhat larger. Wing 54, tail 44, bill 2. 
The only Menado example I have been able to examine is in the intermediate stage 
of plumage, with green middle rectrices and no alar bar. It differs in that the black 
_ coronal ring does not unite at the nape, the yellow of the crown being thus confluent 
with that of the nape. As indications of the complete black circle in Broderipus 
appear in the earliest stages of plumage, this break in the coronal ring cannot be a 
sign of nonage. The dimensions differ from those of the southern form. Wing 53, 
tail 4§, bill . It possibly represents a distinct species. 
TURDIDZ. 
GeocicHLa, Kuhl. 
67. GxocicHLa ERyTHRONOTA, Sclater, Ibis, i. p. 113, “Macassar” (1859). (PI. VI. 
fig. 2.) 
Hab. Macassar (Wallace). 
This species and G. interpres (Kuhl) form a section of the genus which perhaps 
deserves a subgeneric title. 
Turdus avensis, J. E. Gray, Griffith, Anim. Kingd. Birds, i. p. 530, pl. —, named from 
an Indian drawing, is either G. interpres or else an unknown Burmese representative 
form. 
