74 VISCOUNT WALDEN ON THE BIRDS OF CELEBES. 
Were it not that Mr. Blyth had already remarked the imbrowned colouring of the head 
and neck in examples from Celebes, contained in the Leyden Museum, I should have 
felt less confidence in considering these Macassar individuals distinct from WM. rubro- 
nigra, Hodgs. 
CORVIDL. 
Corvus, Linnzus. 
105. Corvus ENca (Horsf.), Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 164, “Java” (1822); Schlegel, 
Bijdrag. part viii. p. 13, pl. 1. fig. 23; Mus. Pays-Bas, Coraces, p. 29. 
Corvus validus, var., Wallace, partim, P. Z. S. 1862, p. 343. 
Hab. Macassar (Bernstein) ; Limbotto, Gorontalo, Kema, Toulabello (Von Rosenberg) ; 
Java (type). 
The species inhabiting Celebes has not been satisfactorily identified. By Professor 
Schlegel it is considered the same as that found in Java, while true C. validus, Temm., 
Bp. (Consp. i. p. 885), is from Sumatra, and does not occur in Java. 
GazzoLa, Bonaparte. 
106. GazzoLa TyPica, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxxvii. p. 828, “‘ Nouvelle Calédonie,” errore 
(5th December 1853); Notes Orn. Coll. Delattre, p. 6 (1854); Sclater, Ibis, 
1859, p. 113. 
Corvus advena, Schlegel, Bijdragen tot de Dierk. pt. viii. p. 3, pl. 2, “ Sumatra,” errore (1859) ; Mus. 
Pays-Bas, Coraces, p. 6, “ Macassar ;” Wallace, Mal. Archip. i. p. 375. 
Hab. Macassar (Wallace). 
This species has hitherto been found only in the Macassar district. Mr. Wallace (J. ¢.) 
alludes to it as rare. It is an anomalous form, hardly exceeding a Lycos in size, but 
with a bill equal to that of Corvus corone, and of much the same character. The 
arrangement of the quills is peculiar. The fourth much exceeds the others; and the 
first is very short. Prince Bonaparte separated it generically, but placed it next to 
Corvus (Physocorax) moneduloides (Less.), another unique and aberrant Corvine form, 
with which it has nothing in common beyond its general family relations. 
This species has partly been the subject of some of the most curious mistakes in 
ornithological literature; and the position of the generic title Gazzola, Bp., whether 
among the Campephagide or the Corvide, depends on a correct history and explanation 
of how the confusion arose. In the thirteenth edition of the ‘Systema,’ Gmelin gave 
the title of Corvus caledonicus to Latham’s “ New-Caledonian Crow,” a species described 
by Latham (General Syn. i. p. 377) from a drawing belonging to Sir Joseph Banks. 
This is a true New-Caledonian Graucalus. In the second supplement to the ‘ Synopsis,’ 
Latham inserted a distinct bird (Labillardiére’s “Pie de la Nouvelle Calédonie ”) 
under the title of “ Caledonian Crow,” and called it in the supplement to the ‘ Index 
