DR. J. MURIE ON THE FORM AND STRUCTURE OF THE MANATER. 1735 
tions they stretch from the temporal part of the malar arch downwards to the digastric 
muscles and the stylo-hyoid cartilages. A portion of each gland also wraps round the 
stylo-hyal rod, and dips into the hollow continuous with the foramen lacerum posterius. 
The internal maxillary artery dips beneath them and forms a vascular network, partly 
enveloping their deep and superficial surfaces; while behind is the cervical rete mirabile. 
The narrow tendinous cord of the sterno-mastoid pierces and goes quite through the 
posterior half of each gland. Superficially the neck and cheek portions of the fleshy 
panniculus cover and completely hide the parotids as well as their Stenonian ducts. 
The submaxillary gland is also flattened, and of no mean size. It has a horseshoe- 
shape, the anterior convexity of which is lodged in the postsymphysial angle, whilst 
the posterior concavity reaches the transverse bar of the hyoidean arch, and partly 
covers the thyro-hyoid muscles. But the body of the gland chiefly lies upon the mylo- 
hyoidei, the two limbs of the crescent filling the deep hollows of the mandible in front 
of the angles. At this latter point, however, a portion of its substance is in close apposi- 
tion with the anterior twigs of the inframandibular plexus of vessels, with the facial 
artery, and with the subjacent pterygoidei. 
I regard as representatives of sublingual glands a series of partially separate, small, 
lenticular bodies, which lie near and backwards from the frenum lingue ; but I did not 
detect their excretory duct. My observations support Rapp’s account of the tonsils, 
viz. flat elliptical lamine, their numerous orifices having a sieve-like aspect. The 
velum pendulum palati is a broad membranous fold without appreciable uvular 
thickening of muscular fibres. 
The pale-coloured firm pancreas has the usual situation, within the duodenal loop. 
Its duct opens into the intestine close to the pylorus. 
The liver of the larger specimen had been hacked in pieces, so that nothing but its 
weight, 33 lbs., and apparent long diameter, fully 8 inches, could be made out satis- 
factorily. In the younger male this gland was more intact. Its relative position towards 
the neighbouring organs has already been mentioned. Vrolik’s description of the 
Manatee’s liver corresponds more with what I have found than does Daubenton’s: 
the latter having but examined a foetus may account for this. Jn situ, but still more 
so when removed, the entire liver has great resemblance in shape to the inflated lungs 
of an ordinary mammal. Thus the posterior broad surface of the main right and left 
lobes forms a deep arched hollow, enclosing the stomach and duodenum, and which may 
be compared to the dome-shaped concavity of the lungs as they rest on the diaphragm. 
The anterior partially segmented lobules and the gall-bladder simulate the upper 
pulmonary lobes overlapping the base of the heart. What I gather from Steller’s and 
Owen’s words concerning the mainly trifid hepatic organs of Rhytina and Halicore 
leads me to infer that this gland in Manatus differs little, if at all, from them. In the 
latter the two large somewhat triangular and much separate right and left lobes possess 
few emarginations. There is a short, shallow notch on the middle of the ventral 
