226 PROFESSOR FLOWER ON THE RECENT ZIPHIOID WHALES. 
The neural arches thus differ greatly from those of Hyperoodon, which has one tall 
conical upright spine springing from the conjoined arches of the six anterior vertebre, 
and a second slender but equally elevated and vertical spine, belonging to the seventh 
vertebra alone. On the other hand they resemble generally those of Ziphius and 
Mesoplodon, as far as their condition in these genera is at present known; for the 
incompleteness of the upper part of the arch exists in the fourth and fifth vertebre in 
Ziphius australis, and in the third, fourth, and fifth in Mesoplodon sowerbyi. Perhaps 
even more strikingly does the presence of well-developed inferior transverse processes 
to the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebree show the affinity of Berardius to 
these two genera and its dissimilarity to Hyperoodon. 
Dimensions of the Cervical Vertebre. 
inches. 
Antero-posterior length of bodies of all seven, lower surface . . . 10 
Length of body of united first, second, and third . .... . 36 
Kensth of body ot tour . Qi er se se ey ee ee ee 
ene throtbodyaoi nite tmess Mam nee. e ine teretenot ene). cmuee arene oe 
ienothvor DOdy OMSIktle ce sees. Ser er etme, toe ee eam eee wee 
Length of body of seventh. . . . . dicots) 
Height from top of spine to lower edge of BOay of scott St cise dllhi 
Height from top of spine to lower edge of body of seventh . . . 85 
Breadth between outer borders of articular surfaces of atlas . . . 8:7 
Height of articular surfaces of atlas. . . . sto ratte cali Be: 
Breadth between tips of transverse processes of sais el a ae peter LS) 
Height of neural’canal march of atlas’. ye ae 
Greatest breadth of neural canal in arch of atlas. . . . . . . 3:3 
Height of neural canal in arch of seventh. . . .... 2. =. 8 
Greatest breadth of neural canal in arch of seventh. . . . . . 36 
Breadth of pody"or seventh hon re se) te ee ene 
Height of body of seventh. . . . . somes Toe comet 
Breadth between tips of transverse processes of eveath dehecopae eee HE 
Thoracic Vertebre.—The bodies of the twelve thoracic vertebre increase gradually in 
length (see table on p. 228, and Pl. XXVIII. fig. 1). The inferior surface of those at 
the commencement of this region is broad, flat, and somewhat rough ; posteriorly they 
gradually acquire a median keel. 
The spines are moderately high, compressed, sloping much backwards; that of the 
first is very little developed, and pointed; though tapering in the anterior vertebre, 
they gradually become more obtuse and truncated at the extremity as they approach the 
posterior end of the series. 
The zygapophyses are unusually well developed, continuing on the contiguous anterior 
