246 DR. J. MURIE ON THE ORGANIZATION OF THE CAAING WHALE. 
among other forms ; and Professor Huxley’, who appears to support his views, instances 
the Tapir as having the ethmoidal turbinals posterior to the maxillary ones. Although 
the latter statement must be admitted, I will nevertheless confine myself to this animal, 
and more especially toa Ruminant, as excellent types, leading me to believe the Cetacean 
nasal sacs are not at all modified turbinals. 
The Ruminant markedly possessing the shortest nasal bones, and therefore Whale- and 
Tapir-like in this respect, is the Saiga (Saiga tartarica). Moreoyer this Ruminant, like 
the Tapir, has a soft narial proboscis—shorter no doubt; but also as in that animal it 
has well-developed turbinal bones, the maxillary one of which, if not quite in advance of 
the ethmoidal, is at least nearly so. But both these animals have other nasal structures 
simulating closely, if not indeed the veritable homologues of, the Cetacean spiracular 
sinuses and their rudimentary nasal cartilages. 
Adverting first to the Saiga’, I have found on dissection its protruberant snout to 
A partial upper view of the face of the male Saiga, 
with the nares opened on both sides, so as to 
display the parts which I deem homologous 
with the spiracular cavity and appendages of 
Whales. 
Na, shortened nasal bones, from which runs forwards (u/.c) 
the upper lateral cartilages comprising also the alar; a 
narrow fibrous cord (f.) is continued anteriorly into the 
soft patulous nares; mz¢ and if denote respectively the 
middle and internal turbinals ; arrows in contrary direc- 
tions indicate the course of the main narial passage ; 7.,f, 
sulcus corresponding to the naso-frontal canal of Cete ; 
m, inner orifice of the maxillary sinus or sac, the dots 
giving its entire outline; p, palatal recess agreeing with 
Cetacean premaxillary sacs. 
be made up of tegument, carneous substance, vessels, and nerves, lined with a delicate 
mucous membrane. ‘The muscles can be identified with those smaller bands &c. which 
act on the nose-chamber and upper lip in other and higher Mammalian orders. ‘The 
nasal cartilages are insignificant, and pass but a little beyond the short nasal bones; yet 
’ Hunterian Lectures, 1866, Reported in abstract, Med. Times and Gazette, p- 850, March 31 of that year. 
? See P. Z. S. 1870, pp. 461, 478, figs. 5 & 8. 
