DR. J. MURIE ON THE ORGANIZATION OF THE CAAING WHALE. 25d 
The representative of stylo-pharyngeus arises from the stylohyal close to its cranial 
articulation, therefore with almost a squamous origin. It widens in its oblique or 
nearly transverse course as it approaches the pharyngeal constrictors, with which its 
fibres mingle. 
A superior constrictor is said to be absent in the Piked Whale’; and Macalister’ 
regards the postnarial sphincter of G/obiceps as a displaced representative of the levator 
palati muscle. From my examination of several Cetaceans I am convinced that the 
elevator and sphincter of the pharynx is but a modification of constrictor superior, 
though the distinctly longitudinal fibres may be worthy of a separate name ; for I could 
make out, besides, a differentiated levator and tensor palati. ‘The levator muscle covers 
the interspace of the pterygoid plates and the Eustachian enlargement; it is fleshy 
forwards on the palate, narrows posteriorly, and is fixed fibro-tendmously near the 
tympanic region (vide fig. 30, Lagenorhynchus). The circumflex or tensor palati is 
somewhat mingled with the last. 
Stannius* points out in Phocena a thyreo-pharyngeus as coming from the inferior horn 
of the thyroid cartilage and going downwards to the pharynx. Possibly it may be 
equivalent to Carte and Macalister’s kerato-pharyngeus*. If such a band exists in 
Globiocephalus, it is evidently part and parcel of the constrictor. 
To illustrate a characteristic view seldom*® given of vertebrates, but one most useful 
“ee 
eR Se 
A longitudinal vertical section through the body of a male Porpoise (P. communis). slightly to the left of the 
median line, and with the viscera &c. retained nearly in their natural positions. 
sy, mandibular symphysis ; 40, tongue; an arrow leads in the direction of the oral cavity; pa, palate; 2b, nasal blubber; sp, 
spiracular cavity, exhibiting its upper corrugated pouches and the fleshy narial passage, continued by an arrow and dotted 
line; g/, glottis, thrust upwards through pharyngeal cavity; @, esophagus; ¢r, trachea; ce, cerebrum; c/, cerebellum ; 
ev, cervical vertebra: ; /y, lung; /, heart; Ji, liver; s¢, stomach; d, duodenum; dp, diaphragm ; om, omentum ; 7, intes- 
tines; /, kidney; sp, suprarenal body; 7, testicle; a, anus; wm, uterus masculinus, a style has been passed through the 
smaller external orifice of the male mammary cleft, above and forwards, from which the rudimentary male uterine vesicle 
is situated ; }, urinary bladder ; p, penis, within its sheath ; ~, umbilicus. 
* Phil. Trans. 1868, p. 245. ? P.Z.S. 1867, p. 479. 3 Miill. Archiv, 1849,p.10. * Memoir, p. 235. 
* Vrolik has produced a side view of the viscera of Hyperoodon, 1. c. pl. xii. fig. 41. In it the ribs are left 
in place, but in front the section of brain and mouth are not displayed; this remark applies to Burmeister’s 
Epiodon, pl. 16. fig. 4 (cited in footnote anted, p. 235). In Huxley’s ‘ Lectures on the Elements of Comparative 
Anatomy,’ 1864, and Rolleston’s ‘Forms of Animal Life,’ 1870, there are some good diagrammatic generalized 
ideas of longitudinal sections ; but they lack precise anatomical data. 
