258 DR. J. MURIE ON THE ORGANIZATION OF THE CAAING WHALE. 
with only slight indications of longitudinal ruge. The true pyloric orifice is ring-like 
and thickened, thus approaching a sphincter in its formation, though I doubt if this 
designation can justly be applied to it. ‘The diameter of the opening is fully half an 
inch. 
Comparing my interpretation of the gastric chambers with the observations of the 
aforesaid writers, it does sound odd that Williams and Gulliver should limit the 
number to two. ‘This anomaly, I think, receives explanation on the ground that they 
only consider the large dilated sacs as stomachal receptacles, the narrower chambers 
but as portion of the intestinal tube. Jackson’s five or six gastric divisions are to me 
accounted for in this way. He describes (and in outline figures’) the compound stomach 
in the inflated condition, consequently the partial septal membrane of the first chamber 
appeared to him as a crescentic supplementary cavity. What I name as the canal of 
junction between the second and third stomachs he avers is a distinct division. His 
subsidiary division, fifth or sixth as may be, is the dilated duodenal commencement. 
Turner? evidently takes the same view of the nature of the canal between the second and 
third stomachs as Jackson. Where we differ, then, is whether the burrowing passage 
between the vascular corrugated and large cavity JJ and the globular (JZJ, fig. 32 in 
Plates) is entitled to be regarded as a true digestive division or not. I look upon it 
only as a communicating canal; because of its diminutive capacity® and diameter ; 
because it is not at all a free chamber, but, strictly speaking, like the end of the bile- 
duct, a tunnel burrowing its whole length betwixt the adjoining walls of JZ and IV; 
because of its smooth mucous membrane showing few or no traces of digestion taking 
place therein; because the other four chambers agree with what obtains in Phocena, 
Grampus, and Balenoptera, and the two latter also offer an incipient structure of a 
similar kind, and corresponding in situation; and, lastly, because I regard certain of 
the so-called stomachs of some Cetaceans (//yperoodon for example, with six or seven) 
as only canals between the true digestive chambers, as is shown above. F 
As is not uncommon in Whales, the duodenum of the “ Deductor” commences by a 
dilatation 42 inches in transverse diameter, which, narrowing somewhat at 9 inches 
distance from the pylorus, is pierced slit-wise by the combined hepatic and pancreatic 
duct. This interval of gut has smooth-surfaced mucous membrane, and hence by some 
has been considered as a division of the stomach; but, as has been shown by others, the 
duct’s entrance and want of constriction evinces its true nature. From this point onwards 
to the rectum there is no separation by valvular division, cecal appendage, or sudden 
1 Loe. cit. pl. 15. fig. 2. 2 Paper cited, p. 70, woodcut, fig. 2. 
3 Thad almost omitted reference to a second contribution of Professor Turner’s (“ Further Observations on the 
Stomach in the Cetacea,” Journ. of Anat. 1869, p. 117), where he gives measurements of the several gastric com- 
partments of the dried and inflated stomach of an adult Globiocephalus (?) and a foetus, in support of his opinion 
of there being five, and not four, true digestive stomachs. The dried, distended condition of his adult specimen, 
as in Dr. Jackson’s case, still causes me to doubt the soundness of his argument. With reference to his third 
compartment or stomach (my intercommunicating passage), he notes it was 63 inches long and from 1 to 33 
inches in diameter in the adult; but the same chamber or canal in the foetus was with difficulty recognizable. 
