264 DR. J. MURIE ON THE ORGANIZATION OF THE CAAING WHALE. 
short, but strong thyro-arytenoideus' muscle lies in front and obliquely to the crico- 
arytenoideus lateralis; it passes upwards upon the post-lateral root of the upright ary- 
tenoid cartilage. The true arytenoidei’, each appropriately named arytenoideus trans- 
versus by Stannius in the Porpoise, have a similar direction in Globiceps. The short but 
well-developed pair of muscles lie athwart and partially cover the anterior fibres of the 
posterior crico-arytenodei. In fact they bridge the hinder base of the adnate arytenoid 
cartilages, but do not run up its erect portion. 
As in other Cetaceans, there is a pair of hyo-epiglottic muscles, which approach close 
to each other mesially in front. Each is powerful, and must considerably influence the 
movements of the glottis, as taking their fixed point from the hyoid bone. They are 
each of an elongate wedge-shape, point upwards, and externally have two faces, an anterior 
and a lateral. The broad basal origin is from the hyoidean arch, namely those parts 
representing cerato- and stylohyals—the whole upper surface of the former, and about 
one half of the adjoining inner margin of the latter. Converging from these points 
upwards, the muscle is fixed to the lower moiety of the erect and firm epiglottis, in 
front and partially to its side. Three additional muscles, viz. a superior and an inferior 
aryteno-epiglottideus, and an accessory aryteno-epiglottideus, are found in Balwnoptera 
rostrata’. The wider separation of the epiglottis and arytenoid cartilages, with inter- 
vening folds, may doubtless in this animal necessitate their presence for approximation 
of the walls of the glottis. Unless part of the hyo-epiglotticus, as above described, 
include these additional slips, they appear to be absent in several Cetacean genera. 
As having continuity with the hyo-epiglotticus, | may here mention a small, but 
distinct muscle arising cranially from the neighbourhood of the auditory canal, and 
inserted halfway down the stylohyal, close to the posterior end of the hyo-epiglotticus. 
This doubtless answers to the occipito-hyoideus of Rapp* and Stannius® in the Porpoise, 
and stylo-hevatic and squamo-styloid of Macalister’. 
There is a fleshy sheet in the space intervening between the stylohyal, the cerato-, 
and the thyrohyal in G. melas, the interhyoideus. Macalister, in his short notice of 
G. svineval, names it hyo-keratic’, and suggests that it is probably a modified hyo- 
glossus. ‘This, to my reading, is equivalent to the stylohyoid of Stannius*, He 
describes it in D. phocwna as springing along the entire posterior borders of the two 
pieces of the anterior horns of the hyoid, but also receiving fascicles from the first piece 
itself. Its oblique fibres are fastened to the upper surface of the body of the hyoid, and 
partly to the posterior border of its hinder lower cornua. In short, it fills the interval 
of the hyoidean elements. The same appears to me to be what Carte and Macalister 
Carte and Macalister, 7. c. p. 238; Stannius, /. c. p. 11. 
1 
2 The A. proprius of Carte and Macalister. 3 Loe. cit. pp. 237, 238. 
* Op. cit. p. 132. © oc. ett. ps ve 
6 In G. svineval, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 480; and Trans. Roy. Soc. 1868, p. 235. 
7 
Tbid., marked p in woodcut, p. 478. 8 Loc. cit. p. 7; and Rapp, l.¢. p. 132. 
