282 DR. J. MURIE ON THE ORGANIZATION OF THE CAAING WHALE. 
I distinguished two scaleni, a scalenus anticus and scalenus posticus. The former 
springs from the first rib and its sternal cartilage, where it is fleshy and broad ; passing 
forwards it was inserted by a powerful tendon into the basiocciput, outside the rectus 
anticus major. The latter has a first costal origin, but not quite to the cartilage; 
anteriorly it is attached to the transverse process of the axis. I found precisely the 
same arrangement in Lagenorhynchus, both divisions being strong. Macalister records 
in G. svineval’ a scalenus anticus attached to first rib and upper cervical vertebrae, and 
a scalenus medius and scalenus posticus conjoined, from first and second ribs to upper 
cervical transverse and spinous processes. But he suggests that one of the latter ‘* was 
probably the germ of the serratus posticus superior, which otherwise was not visible.” 
He and his colleague mention only a scalenus anticus in Balenoptera. Meckel?’, 
Rapp, and Stannius agree in there being two scaleni in Phocena. 
Sterno-mastoid, origin inner end of manubrium, outside the large sterno-thyroid ; 
insertion by a strong tendon into the paramastoid along with the cephalo-humeral. 
Although in Glodiceps it appears but a single muscle, yet there is a tendency to 
duplicity, inasmuch as the anterior portion rolls round posteriorly, and with what 
seems almost a separate deep tendon fixed to the manubrium. A double head, viz. 
from the sternum and cartilages of two cost, obtains in the Piked Whale*. Cuvier* 
and Meckel?® allude also to a cleido-mastoid in the Porpoise. 
4. Muscles connected with Neck and Head.—What doubtless answers to the splenius, 
although it may include complexus, I find, in the Caaing Whale, to be a muscle of a most 
powerful character and of enormous size. The dorsal attachment is from the eleventh 
or twelfth vertebra ; continuing thick and fleshy and widening, the muscles of opposite 
sides are fastened cranially the whole breadth of the exoccipitals. In the Porpoise® it 
springs aponeurotically from the first dorsal spine, and terminates in a squamal tendon. 
A trachelo-mastoid, according to my reading, obtains in a narrow longitudinal bundle 
arising from the transverse processes of the four anterior dorsals, and, running for- 
wards, is fused anteriorly with the short oblique. Macalister gives the first cervical to 
the junction of the exoccipital and paramastoid as its attachments in his specimen 
of Globiocephalus’. In Balenoptera it is double-headed; one from the first dorsal, the 
other from the sides of three or four posterior cervicals, a vascular plexus divides these ; 
cranially inserted into masto-squamoid. Although Meckel names such a Cetacean 
muscle, he confounds it with splenius capitis. Not mentioned by Rapp and Stannius. 
The ordinarily small-sized, short, deep muscles of the neck in this Whale are of 
inordinate proportions, save the longus colli. ‘The two pairs of recti postici are consi- 
derably interwoven. Occipitally they cover the whole surface of the bone below the 
inferior curved line, and thence extend to atlas* and axis. Stannius® unites under one 
' Pp. Z. 8. 1867, p. 481, and woodcut, p. 478. ? Anat. Comp. vi. p. 158. * L. c. p. 218. 
* Legons, vol. i. p. 259. ° Op. cit. p. 161. ® « Splenius capitis,” Stannius, /. c. p. 21. 
7 I. ¢, p. 481, and woodcut. 8 Macalister, P. Z. 8. 1867, p. 481. PAE Tea po 20k 
1? i 
