DR. J. MURIE ON THE ORGANIZATION OF THE CAAING WHALE. 283 
heading the semispinalis and rectus capitis posticus in the Porpoise, the former stretching 
from the tenth dorsal spine to the atlas; the latter (a bundle derived therefrom) goes 
to the occiput. An obliquus superior springs from the lateral atloid bony ring in 
Globiceps as far as the root of the transverse process, and goes to the exoccipital. Beneath 
is another muscle from the axial process to the skull, apparently an obliquus inferior. 
Ventrally placed to the last, with similar attachments, is what I presume to be a rectus 
lateralis. Rectus capitis anticus minor, broader than the last, lies mesially to it, and is 
overlain by a great rectus capitis anticus major. This latter is fastened to the basi- 
occciput, to the ventral surface of conjoined atlas and axis, and partly cervicals beyond. 
The short and highly tendinous longus colli is forwardly fastened to the body of the 
axis, and, covering the posterior cervicals, goes backwards on the dorsal bodies as far 
as opposite the fifth rib. In the Porpoise it stretches over three dorsal bodies and all 
the cervicals'. The great development of these muscles, in spite of shortness and coa- 
lescence of the neck-bones in Cetacea, is an interesting fact. 
Masseter short, narrow, but thick. Origin, angle of mandible; insertion, area below 
the eye; its fibres have but slight downward obliquity. Above it and somewhat 
superficial, observed by me both in Globiocephalus and Lagenorhynchus, was another 
muscular plane, relatively sparse in fibre, which occupied the interspace between the 
last and the orbicularis palpebrarum. This latter, I opine, corresponds to the 
masseter malaris externus of Professor Stannius’ in the Porpoise. He describes it 
as springing from the malar process (Jochfortsatze), sloping forwards to the outer 
angle of the orbit (Augenwinkel), and spreading out over fasciculi of the masseter 
orbicularis palpebrarum. A clearly double masseter is defined in Balwnoptera*, the 
deeper layer arising tendinous from the margin of the glenoid cavity. 
The narrow, fleshy, and thick temporalis fills the somewhat infundibular fossa back 
to the crescentic ridge, and has an insertion into the mandibular coronoid process as far 
as its root. 
There is a well-developed buccinator, whose posterior moiety is thick. Its broad 
maxillary origin is from the bony area anteriorly and inferiorly to the eye; its narrower 
insertion, the muscle being of an elongate triangular form, is the mandibular surface 
opposite the hindermost teeth. 
Weak muscular fibres, representing an orbicularis oris, appear to be derived from, 
and almost are a continuation of the upper part of the buccinator. They thus proceed 
from the angle of the mouth and buccinator in a scattered manner, and curve forwards 
and upwards, thence partly interweave with the strong glistening tendino-fibrous 
material which goes to form the overhanging buccal arch or projecting upper lip, and 
merge into the blubber-like fat and the premaxillary muscle. The single-bellied repre- 
sentative of digastric (antea, p. 251) is little else than an inferior facial muscle. 
‘ Rectus anticus major bound up with the longus colli in Phocena, according to Rapp, J. c. p. 82, and Stannius, 
lc. p. 30. 2 Lc. p. 4. * Carte and Macalister, /. c. p, 223, 
VOL. Vill.—PART Iv. February, 1873. 28 
