DR. J. MURIE ON THE ORGANIZATION OF THE CAAING WHALE. 287 
nodule of cartilage tipping either end, that rearwards was very distinct. No osseous or 
ligamentous cross bar, representing rudimentary femur, existed, such as is met with 
in Balena and Balenoptera. The smooth or only slightly roughened bone rather 
resembles the pelvis of the northern Orca. 
Uniting the opposite pelvic elements was a strong x-shaped glistening fascia, fixed 
within a trifle of the whole length of the inner concave border of each bone. A 
number of muscles were attached, partly to this and to the bones themselves, and 
bloodvessels penetrated the two latter, which I have already referred to. 
‘The muscular structures attached to the pelvic bones, and surrounding the generative 
outlet of Cetaceans, have heretofore been but imperfectly studied and figured. The 
pains-taking Stannius, in his “ Myology of the Porpoise”', admits of anal and pelvic 
muscles the following :—a sphincter ani, an ischio-cavernosus, and a retractor ischi or 
ischio-caudalis. I believe no other author has stated there are more, though others are 
inferred to exist®. In my researches on this female Deductor and other Whales, I 
have been fortunate in meeting with many more than the above; and these I shall 
describe in layers, from the superficial to the deep, as dissected (vide figs. 76 & 78 in 
my last Plate). 
In a study of the parts it is well to keep in mind the sex. 
I have already (anted, p. 272) alluded to the inferior and posterior (pudendal) portion 
of the panniculus carnosus, shearing outwards and leaving the tail free; but there is, at 
the same time, a certain continuity with it of a thin superficial layer of transverse fibres. 
These of opposite sides form a long ellipse, whose apex anteriorly meets the divergent 
angle of the panniculi, partially cover the rectus abdominis and other genital and 
mammary gland-muscles, whilst posteriorly it reaches the perineal raphe and anal 
sphincter. It acts as a dilator of the vulva, whilst the portion continued to the anus 
serves as an anal protractor. This muscular sheet altogether appears to be the homo- 
logue of levator ani and probably combined superficial transversus perinei of human 
anatomy. I may as well mention that in the perineal region of Risso’s Grampus, 
beneath the cross fibres of the levator ani, I observed a narrow oblique band of muscle 
which passed from the surface of the pubo-ilio-coccygeus to the perineal raphe. This 
slip doubtless would represent a superficial transversus perinei. Moreover, in the same 
female specimen, I noticed another short, broadish, fleshy band, which ran obliquely 
from the surface of the rectus abdominis, at the commencement of its posterior tendon, 
inwards towards the fore part and side of the clitoris. Its superficial position and 
inguinal relations suggest its being a homologue of a cremaster, though such an 
anomaly in the female sounds strange. 
' Miller’s Archiv, 1849. 
* Professor Van Beneden has been kind enough to put in my hands a short paper of his, “De la Com- 
position du Bassin des Cétacés,” Bull. 2 ser. t. xxv. Therein he faithfully figures and describes the generative 
organs of Delphinus tursio, noting two muscles, viz. ischio-cayernosus and retractor of penis. 
