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MADREPORARIA OF THE DEEP SEA. 311 
the belief that they are slight varieties of this well-known Cretaceous type. The 
species is common in the upper and middle white chalk of North-western Europe. 
Caryophyllia abyssorum, Duncan, was dredged up from a depth of 1095 fathoms 
(No. 17 station, 2nd expedition). It is closely allied to the Cretaceous type Caryophyllia 
cylindracea, Reuss; but it has not been found elsewhere. : 
Caryophyllia inskipi, Duncan, was dredged up from 539 fathoms (No. 9 station, 2nd 
expedition). It has affinities with the Cretaceous species. 
Caryophyllia calvert, Duncan, was dredged up from 292 fathoms (No. 24 station, 2nd 
expedition). 
Caryophyllia vermiformis, Duncan, and Caryophyllia pourtalesi, Duncan, belong to a 
new type, and they are the first species of the genus which have been discovered to have 
only three cycles. Their range is restricted to the sea to the west and south-west of 
the Spanish peninsula, and they live at the depth of from 227 to 740 fathoms. 
CARYOPHYLLIA CLAVUS, Scacchi. (Plate XLVIITI. figs. 9, 10.) 
The corallum is conical, and is fixed by a narrow peduncle to all sorts of foreign 
bodies. 
The cost are distinct from the base, are usually straight, and are most pro- 
jecting near the calice. They are thin, slightly wavy here and there, granular, and 
unequal. 
The epitheca occurs in some parts of the outside of the corallum in the form of 
detached bands. 
The calice is elliptical, and the fossa is large. The columella is small, and is formed 
of from four to nine twisted processes. 
The septa are thin and granular; the largest are slightly exsert and equal. There 
are four complete cycles of them, and part of the fifth cycle also. The higher orders 
of septa are small. 
The pali are thin, long, projecting, and are marked with a concave cup-shaped 
ornamentation, or with granules. 
The typical form was found in No. 28 dredging, 2nd expedition of the ‘ Porcupine,’ 
in 304 fathoms, and also in dredgings Nos. 26, 29, and 57. 
There is perhaps no more variable form of simple coral than Caryophyllia clavus, 
Seacchi, sp. It has a considerable horizontal range, being found throughout the 
Mediterranean at many depths, and in the Norwegian seas, and also in the western 
seas off Ireland. The species is, moreover, found in the Old Pliocene of Sicily. 
Variety «. elongata. (Plate XLVIII. figs. 7, 8.) 
The corallum is tall, cylindro-conical, or almost cylindrical, compressed, often curved 
and twisted, and marked with epithecal rings and accretion-ridges. 
VOL. vill.— Part vy. March, 1873. ~ 2Y 
