312 PROFESSOR P. M. DUNCAN ON THE 
The coste are sharp, wavy, and rarely granular. The base is small. 
These forms were obtained in the 2nd expedition of the ‘ Porcupine,’ in dredgings 
No. 57, and off the Mediterranean coast of Africa. 
/ Variety B. evserta. (Plate XLVIII. fig. 5.) 
The corallum is short, finely pedicillate, and then bulky and turbinate. 
The primary and secondary septa are very exsert. 
The costal ornamentation is like that of the type. 
The epitheca is scanty. 
From dredgings in Cartagena Bay. 
Variety y. borealis. (Plate XLVIII. fig. 6.) 
This is the form described by Fleming, and is very common in the North Atlantic 
and off the north-east coast of Scotland. 
The corallum is more compressed than the type. 
The columella is larger. 
The coste are broader and more distinct, and often very granular or sharply aciculate. 
The epitheca, or a granular state of the wall, reaches some distance from the base, 
which is small and attached. 
This variety was found in the dredgings of the first expedition of the ‘ Porcupine,’ 
No. 88 and No. 2; in the dredgings of the second expedition in No, 29. The speci- 
mens attach themselves to a Ditrupa, shells, and Echinoderm-spines. 
Variety 3. smithii. (Plate XLVIII. figs. 11, 12.) 
This is the Caryophyllia smithi, Stokes, which is so common on the shores of the 
extreme south-west of England. It has a broad base; but this is the only strong 
distinction between it and Caryophyllia clavus. The gradation of a delicate peduncu- 
lated Caryophyllia clavus into a broad-based form with all the other specific pecu- 
liarities, depends upon the depth of the water and the nature of the bottom; and the 
variety borealis gradually becomes variety smithiz, both in the northern seas and in the 
Mediterranean. 
The cost are usually very distinct, and some are prominent, and are either granular 
or covered with sharp points. The columella varies in extent. 
The specimens were derived from dredgings off the Mediterranean coast of Africa, 
and from the telegraph-cable at Malta, and from No. 88 and No. 2 dredgings in the 
first expedition of the ‘ Porcupine.’ 
Variety e. epithecata. (Plate XLVIIL figs. 13-16.) 
This variety is very well marked in the numerous specimens which were dredged in 
