462 PROFESSOR J. ANDERSON ON THE 
inispelin. )ygarseelin,. 
Anterior extremity of Pane to extremity of process of 
lower jaw . . aE. Snape Obie teal le 
Anterior extremity af aymphiraiai to eps ee eee ere ee ee ele yy) 
Anterior extremity of symphysis to coronoid process . . . 0 11} ,, 0 Il 
Length of alveolar snrficeic. 2) ay, avpsclciaiduncien ormennae allennsnal ede: 
Depth through coronoid process. . . 2 Kasmapany dagen) SARS Nh oe 
Depth from base of corono-condyloid rane + aaeecencat<tntt Oi me anid Ono 
Skeleton (figs. 8-19)—The most striking features of the skeleton are the great size 
of the skull, the very short tail, and the united tibia and fibula. The vertebre are 
distributed as follow:—seven cervical, fourteen dorsal, six lumbar, four sacral, and 
fourteen caudal. The column from the atlas to the sacrum has two well-marked curves. 
From the first vertebra as far as the seventh cervical the curve is downwards and back- 
wards, and then upwards and backwards as far as the second lumbar vertebra, from 
which the column is directed downwards and backwards. 
Spinous processes.—In the vertebre generally the spinous processes are not well 
developed, if we except the axis (in which it constitutes a prominent, laterally com- 
pressed, antero-posteriorly expanded, halbert-shaped plate) and the second dorsal (in 
which it forms a long, slender, backwardly projecting process), with the processes of 
the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth vertebre only feebly developed. The process of the 
first dorsal is very small; and from the third to the seventh cervical it is represented 
by only a minute spine, most marked in the last of the neck-segments. In the twelfth 
to the fourteenth dorsal this process partakes, more or less, of the character it assumes 
in the lumbar region, where it is an antero-posteriorly expanded plate directed forwards, 
overlapping the vertebra in front of it. The spinous ridge of the sacral vertebre is a 
low, thin plate, with its anterior margin directed forwards, retaining faint indications of 
the low original spines. 
Hyperapophyses begin to show themselves in the thirteenth dorsal, and become more 
marked as they are traced backwards to the third lumbar, in which they attain their 
maximum development, but beyond which they diminish in size to the last lumbar. 
Metapophysial processes are first found on the second dorsal, beyond which they 
increase in size as far back as the fourth lumbar. Traces of these processes are also 
observable in the sacral vertebre, and they may be detected in the caudal vertebre up 
to the seventh. 
Anapophyses first appear in the twelfth dorsal, but they are most strongly developed 
in the second and third lumbar, beyond which they rapidly diminish, disappearing in 
the last vertebra of the loins. 
Transverse processes.—These processes are rather small in the second to the seventh 
cervical vertebre ; and each, in one specimen before me, is capped with a small ossicle. 
The pleurapophysial plate appears first as a well-marked bony ridge running from the 
