DR. J. MURIE ON THE ANATOMY OF THE SEA-LION. 555 
the root of the tongue, possesses plications which correspond to the curve; and these 
partially interdigitate with one another. 
The keystone or summit of the said arch, the backward continuation of the fibro- 
mucous membrane of the hard palate to the velum, is moderately smooth, but dotted 
with puncta, the orifices of the very numerous palatine muciparous glands. ‘The ex- 
tension of this membrane becomes the duplicature of the uvula and posterior pillars of 
the fauces. The anterior palatine arch and faucial pillars are considerably in advance 
of the posterior, and equidistant between the uvula and proper root of the tongue. 
The so-called anterior pillars of the fauces are moderately prominent bulgings, with 
a middle indentation running backwards to a recess lodging the tonsils. 
Tonsils.—These amygdaloid bodies correspond very well in shape and size with what 
they have been likened to, almonds—their free edge and narrow end looking upwards 
and forwards. The resemblance to the fruit in question is further heightened by 
their surface being wrinkled and pitted, similar to the sculpturing of its outer husk 
or shell. There is a deep sulcus above, which runs round in front to the anterior lower 
third; the faucial membrane thus constitutes a semilunar fold. In the hollow between 
the tonsils and fold there is a trabecular arrangement of the membrane connecting 
them, forming a series of interstices or deep pits. 
The velum pendulum palati, or soft palate, is a thick fold composed of mucous 
membrane, glandular and connective tissues, with an unusual quantity of strong 
fleshy muscular fibre. During the contracted state the thick, fleshy velum forms a 
complete partition between the pharyngeal cavity around the aperture of the glottis and 
the faucial one in front. The mucous membrane is studded laterally with muciparous 
apertures, which follow the attached base of the posterior pillars. The pendulous uvule 
are divided by a deep median incision. Each uvula is rounded, its free margin running 
outwards, backwards, and then downwards, as the posterior pillars of the fauces, to the 
front of the epiglottis; a fossa, however, exists between the two latter parts, 
The parotid and submaxillary glands in their diminutive development offer resem- 
blances to the Seal tribe generally. In this Otary the parotid obtains as a small flat 
subtrihedral body situated below the tympanic region, sunk in a recess partially covered 
by the cranial end of the sternomastoid muscle. The submaxillary gland is rounder in 
form, but of nearly the same size as the parotid. It lies lower than the preceding, 
more behind the angle of the mandible, and upon the surface of the digastric muscle. 
Below the jaw and tongue, and in the concavity between the latter and inner normal 
surface, there is a long but irregular chain of flattened glandular substance, the sub- 
lingual gland. Through its substance the lengthened duct of the submaxillary passes ; 
and both secretions find exit in the mouth, near the frenum lingue. 
d. Muscles of the Tongue and Palate.—Mylo-hyoid. Possessing strong coarse fasci- 
cular bundles of fibres, this broad and somewhat extensive sheet of muscle is attached 
to the ramal groove. The muscles of the opposite sides approach and freely inter- 
