DR. J. MURIE ON THE ANATOMY OF THE SEA-LION. 557 
furthest back and partly covered by the middle constrictor. As it reaches the root of 
the tongue and narrows, it likewise becomes vertically deeper and laterally compressed, 
and proceeds along the genio-hyoglossus to the tip of the tongue; previously to which 
the styloglossus ensheaths it. 
Arising from the anterior and outer side of the stylohyal the thin layer of mus- 
cular fibres of the styloglossus passes forwards and downwards obliquely, and, wrapping 
round the anterior half of the thicker hyoglossus, goes on with it towards the tip of 
the tongue. ‘The long flattened irregular-shaped sublingual gland lies on the surface 
of this muscle. Representatives of the levator palati and circumflex or extensor palati 
are present. These were not made out precisely before cutting away the tongue and 
pharynx. The remnants of both appeared large; the latter muscle must be rather 
strong, if the long deeply-grooved hamular process be indicative of a large tendon to it. 
Azygos uvule.—This so-called pair of muscles are very long, narrow, but strong 
fleshy bands. They arise (close together) from the hinder edge and under surface of 
the palatine plates, and, proceeding backwards deeply within the tissues of the soft palate, 
diverge, one to each division of the uvula, being expanded inferiorly. 
The palato-pharyngeus is a strong broad fleshy layer, with a postpalatine origin. 
The fibres as they go backwards diverge outwards and go round to the back of the 
pharynx, mingling partly with the superior constrictor, and partly covering the ceso- 
phageal membrane itself. A salpingo-pharyngeus was not differentiated, if it existed. 
The presence of a stylo-pharyngeus, however, was better attested, viz. a longish band 
starting anteriorly from the tympanohyal cartilaginous apex. Directed rearwards 
deeply between the superior and middle constrictors, and becoming broader, it is 
fastened to the nodular cartilage at the posterior end of the thyrohyal and to the 
anterior cornu of the thyroid cartilage. The fibres of the palato-glossus are intimately 
united with the neighbouring muscles. They pass inwards and downwards from the 
narial opening to the genio-hyoglossus. 
2. Deglutive Apparatus. 
a. Pharynx and fleshy appurtenances.—The pharyngeal cavity comprehended behind 
the velum is capacious, but under the influence of powerful constrictors; at the same 
time it is so very distensible that, in the relaxed condition of the parts, many of the 
folds and ruge are readily obliterated. Its whole interior mucous coat is remarkably 
glandular, and particularly so at the sides of the postnarial opening. A foreshortened 
view of the region under consideration is shown in Pl. LXXX. fig. 57; it may be 
described as follows:—The posterior pillar of the fauces projects on the side of the 
wall in front of the epiglottis; the lingual surface has numerous wrinkled folds, some 
of which may be considered to represent the freenula or glosso-epiglottidean ligaments 
of Man. From the surface of this part a number of long conical papille project ; these 
are distributed rather widely apart. The epiglottis and superior aperture of the glottis 
VOL. VIII.—PART IX. June, 1874. : 4u 
