268 



ment of the hand is made. (Dakota I.) " From the manner of hokling 

 the tomahawk." 



With riglit hand closed or opened, and the palm obliquely upward 

 toward the left, and the left hand opened, palm obliquelj' downward 

 toward the right, and fingers forward, move them downward toward 

 the left several times to imitate chopping with an ax. {Dakota IV.) 



Place the extended flat right hand edgewise above the left, similarly 

 held, both pointing toward the left and downward, and make a simulta- 

 neous cut in that direction with both. {Dakota VI ; Hidatsa I ; Ari- 

 Tiara I.) 



The left arm is extended, the hand edgewise, thumb up and fingers 

 inclined downward, nuicli in jjosition (£, 1), fingers o])ened. The ex- 

 tended right index is then brought to touch the lower thick part of the 

 left hand, and then slowly drawn downward and backward to about the 

 length of the handle. Both hands then, in statu quo, exert a uniform 

 and simultaneous up-and-down motion, as in chopping wood. {Oto and 

 Missouri I.) " Something with a long handle by which we chop." 



The riglit hand, with extended index only, is brought to the mouth 

 and the finger inserted ; the act of smoking is then imitated as the pole 

 of this instrument is hollowed and handle perforated to be used as a 

 pipe. The right hand is now extended in position (l( 1), modified by 

 fingers being opened and inclined downward. The left hand is then 

 superimposed to the left in position (I^ 1), modified by index being 

 closed. {Oto and Missouri I.) "An ax through which one smokes." 



To-iiiorrow. See Day. 



Trade; barter. 



First make the sign of Exchangee, then pat the left iirm with the 

 right finger, with a rapid motion from the hand, passing it toward 

 the shoulder. {Long.) 



Strike the extended index-finger of the right hand several times upon 

 that of the left. ( Wied.) I have described the same sign in different 

 terms and at greater length. It is only necessary, however, to place 

 the fingers in contact once. The person wliom the Prince saw making 

 this sign may have meant to indicate something more than the simple 

 idea of trade, i. e., trade often or habitually. The idea of frequency is 

 often conveyed by the repetition of a sign (as in some Indian languages 

 by repetition of the root). Or the sign-maker may have repeated the 

 sign to demonstrate it more clearly. {Mattheivs.) Though some differ- 

 ence exists in the motions executed in Wiedh sign, and that of (Oto and 

 Missouri I), there is sufficient similarity to justify a probable identity of 

 conception and to make them easily understood. {Boteler.) In the 

 author's mind Exchange was probably intended for one transaction, in 



