A, when beginning a word, is usually pronoiuiced clear, as iu barge, large ; 

 it alternates at times, when in the middle of or at the end of words, with a, 

 e and other vowels. This vowel is a component of many radical syllables, 

 as observed in pdha, tamenu, taktakli, and when serving as a prefix is in- 

 dicative of one long-shaped article; cf. adshdga, atchfga, dtpa; before a 

 nasalized consonant in dmda, 4nku. 



a the enclitic particle of the declarative mode of the Klamath verb ; it is 

 appended to every verbal base not ending in another vowel or in -1, -n, as 

 ktclna to sleep; latcha to build a house. It then becomes frequently em- 

 phasized, especially in such verbs as indicate locomotion, removal, travel 

 etc.: giika, guka to climb up; mddsha, medshA to emigrate; nuta, nuta to 

 set on fire, 89, 2. A occurs also often as a separate word, more fi-equently 

 so in the Kl. than in the Mod. dialect, and then is usually placed before 

 the verb : Titak a Idtcha TitaJc is building a house. It is not easily trans- 

 latable in English, but indicates very frequently custom or habit, as will 

 be seen by the following instances: Spu'klish a sha shu'ta kud-utch they 

 construct sweat-lodges from willows, 82, 2 ; tatataks a hlshuaksli tchimena 

 whenever a husband became a widower, 82, 4; tia'muk a hii'ntsna hungry I 

 fly around, 177; 21; pa'p an a nu sha'shatk; nu a gatpa pa'p I am called 

 the marten; I, the marten, am coming, 177; 10. Cf 82, 6, 8. 12.; 84, 1.; 

 87, 4. 10.; 88, 4. In historic narrative a is almost as frequent; cf 22, 

 19. 24, 21. 29, 21. 64, 9. 68, 4. 70, 9. 120, 11. 140, 2. 5. 6. 11 (an for 

 a nu); 141, 3. 5. When coalescing with other words than verbs, it often 

 changes into a or g : dtgnen for at a nen, 23, 5. ; tdnkte nat for tdnkt a 

 nat; tdtatgnat for tat at a nat, 24, 19.; Atgnish, 4t6ni, 90, 12. 13. and 

 Note to 138, 6. 7.; or it becomes emphasized: tata for tat ;'i, tat hd (this 

 is also interrogative) ; tatdtuk ; aka, akti, for ak a, ak ha, ak ha; unA for 

 una A; tidshd, 189; 5. 



