8 DfTRODUCTION TO THE DTOTTDXAUY. 



u longer .soniid of u, as in crude, flume, fool; (iorman, Stulil, liiihr, 



Blume; French, lourd, sourd. 

 u as in full, 2Jull; German, Flucht, Kluft, Russland; Italian, lungo. 



ii not in English ; German, Iciihl, Gefuhl; French, lune, puce. 



V as in valve, veer, vestige ; German, Wolke, Wasser, wehen ; French, 



vautour, veut. 

 w the u before vowels; water, ivaste, wolf, ivish, ivayward; in German 



it corresponds nearest to short w, not to w ; nearly as French 

 ou in oui, ouate. 

 % as in zeal, zone, frozen ; German, Hase; French, zele, rose. 



The English x is rendered by gs or ks, the German z by ds or ts, all 

 being compound articulations. The two points on a, o, u (a, o, ii,) are not 

 signs of diifiresis; they mark softened vowels. 



The pronunciation of the diphthongs may be easily inferred from their 

 component vowels; it is as follows: 



as in life, mine, sly, die, dye. 



as in loud, mouse, arouse. 



a combination of e and i resembling the vowel sounds in 



the word greyish, united into a diphthong, 

 as in pure, few, union. 

 as in loin, groin, alloy. 

 as in watch, wash; French, oie, hi, roi. 

 as in squid, win, switch. 

 All tlie diphthongs being of an adulterine character, they can generally 

 be separated into two vowels, and then are hyphenized, as in i-u, o-i, 

 d-i, a-u. 



GRAPHIC SIGNS. 



- arrested sound : sk^^hs, spring time; tchu-ka, to swim up stream. 



' apostrophe marking elision of a vowel, of e or any other sound : 



heshudmp'H for heshu4mp6li, to recover one's health. 

 hiatus, separating two vowels as belonging to two different 



syllables: p;ila-ash, ^owr; leme-ish, thunder; or two consonants: 



tsiiils-hii'mi, at salmon-time. 



