INTRODUCTION. 497 



conversing with tlie natives. They will also readily reconstruct the diminu- 

 tive form in nouns, when not met with in this Dictionary. 



Since Klamath makes no formal distinction between the direct and the 

 the indirect object, which is expressed by our dative case, the terms transi- 

 tive and intransitive verb cannot mean the same thing in Klamath that they 

 do in English. English intransitives are sometimes rendered by Klamatli 

 transitives, and vice versa. In the Klamath language the transitive verb is 

 governed by its object, a rule which can be comprehended in its full import 

 only by a study of the Grammar. 



In their prefixes, verbs and their derivatives indicate the form and num- 

 ber of the object acted upon, and intransitive verbs the form and number of 

 the subject. Thus it may be seen from the prefix attached to many terms, 

 whether the action or state refers to one or many, or to a long, flat, thread- 

 like, round, bulky, erect, animate being or inanimate thing. For the sake of 

 brevity, shape and number could not always be referred to in the following 

 pages, hence reference to the section "Pre^ices" in the Grammar is necessary. 



LIST OF PREFIXES. 



The most common prefixes, simple and compound, are as follows: 

 ci- long-shaped object — in the singular number or collectively, 



i-, iy-, y- long or animate — generally in the plural, 

 k-, ki- act performed laterally, obliquely, 



ksli-, ks- long or animate object — in the singular or collectively, especially 



when held in the arms. 

 1- round, rounded or bulky object or subject, 



n- thin, thread-like or sheet-like object or subject; also refers to 



what is seen on the horizon, 

 p- propHetary pi-efix; inalienable ownershi^j. 



1)-, pc- long, round, or animate object — generally in the plural number, 



sh-, s- medial prefix, 



sill- object enveloping the whole body. 



shn- object round, rounded, bulky, in a medial sense, 



t-, ta-, te- subject or object standing erect — singular number, 

 tch-, ts- subject or object a liquid, as water, etc. 

 U-, vu- long or animate subject, or direct and indirect object standing 



or being above. 

 32 



