TRIBAL SUBDIVISIONS. XXXiii 



TRIBAL NAMES AND SUBDIVISIONS. 



The two bodies of Indians forming the subject of the present report 

 are people of the same stock and lineage through race, language, institutions, 

 customs, and habitat. In language they radically differ from the neighbor- 

 ing peoples called Snake, Rogue River, Shasti, and Pit River Indians, as 

 well as from the other inhabitants of Oregon, California, and Nevada. 



For the Klamath people of Southwestern Oregon there exists no general 

 tribal name comprehending the two principal bodies, except Maklaks, Indian. 

 This term when pronounced hy themselves with a lingual k has a reflective 

 meaning, and points to individuals speaking their language, Modocs as well 

 as Klamath Lake Indians; when pronounced with our common k it means 

 Indian of any tribe whatsoever, and man, person of any nationality. The 

 derivation of maklaks will be found in the Dictionary. I have refrained 

 from using it in the title and body of my work to designate these Oregon 

 Indians because it would be invariably mispronounced as ma'klaks by the 

 white people, and the peculiar sound of the k would be mispronounced also. 

 To call them simply Klamath Indians or Klamaths would lead to confusion, 

 for the white people upon the Pacific coast call the Shasti, the Karok or Ara, 

 the Hupa, the Yurok or Ali'kwa Indians on Klamath River of California, the 

 Shasti upon the Siletz Reservation, Oregon, and our Maklaks all Klamaths. 

 It was therefore necessary to select the compound appellation, "the Klamath 

 Indians of Southwestern Oregon." The Waim Spring and other Sahaptin 

 Indians possess a generic name for all the Indians living upon this reserva- 

 tion and its vicinity: Aigspaluma, abbr. Aigspalo, Aikspalu, people of the 

 chipmunks, from the innumerable rodents peopling that pine-covered dis- 

 trict. This term comprises Snake, Payute, and Modoc Indians, as well as 

 the Klamath Lake people. The name of Klamath or Tlamat, Tlamet River, 

 probably originated at its mouth, in the Alikwa language. 



The two main bodies forming the Klamath people are (1) the Klamath 

 Lake Indians; (2) the Modoc Indians, 

 iii 



