XXXiv ETHlN'OGHAPUiU SKETCH. 



THE KLAMATH LAKE INDIANS. 



The Kliinuitli Lake Indians number more than twice as many as the 

 Modoc Indians. They speak the northern dialect and form the northern 

 chieftaincy, the head chief residing now at Y;i-aga, on WilHamson River. 

 Their dvveUings are scattered along the eastern shore of Upper Klamath 

 Lake (£-ush) and upon the lower course of Williamson (KcSketat) and 

 Sprague Rivers (P'lai). They call themselves E-ukshikni maklaks, abbre- 

 viated into E-ukshikni, E-ukskni, A-uksni people at the lake. The Shasti 

 near Yreka, Cal., call them Aiiksiwash, some western Shasti: Makaitserk ; 

 by the Pit River Indians they are called Alammiraakt ish, from Alammig, 

 their name for Upper Klamath Lake; by the Kalapuya Indians, Athla- 

 meth; by the Snake Indians, Sayi. 



According to locality the Klamath Lake people may be subdivided into 

 the following groups: The people at the agency; the people at Kohashti, at 

 Ya-aga, at Modoc Point and upon Sprague River. Their settlements at 

 Klamath Marsh, at Nilaks and at Linkville are now abandoned; the last 

 named (Yulal6na) was held by them and the Modocs in common. 



THE MODOC INDIANS. 



The Modoc Indians speak the southern dialect, and before the war of 

 1872-1873 formed the southern division or chieftaincy, extending over Lost 

 River Valley (Koketat) and the shores of Little Klamath and Tnle Lake. 

 Of their number one hundred and fifty or more live on middle course of 

 Sprague River; some have taken up lands in their old homes, which they 

 cultivate in their quality of American citizens, and the rest are exiles uj)on 

 the Quapaw Reservation, Indian Territory. They call themselves Moatokni 

 maklaks, abbreviated Moatokni, Mo'dokni, Mo'dokisli, liciiin <(t Moatak, this 

 being the name of Modoc or Tule Lake: "in the extreme south." A portion 

 of the Pit River Indians calls them Lutunmi, "/«/,-r,"l)y which Tule Lake is 

 meant; another, through a difference of dialect, Lutnuiwi. The Shasti 

 Indians of Yreka call them P^anai, the Saliaptins upon and near Coliunbia 

 River call them Mowatak, the Snake Indians, Saidoka. 



The more important local divisions of this people were the giDups at 

 Little Klamath Lake (Agaweshkni), the Kumbatwash and the Pas;(aimash 



