XXXVi ETUNOGRAl'UIC SKETCH. 



staying l)efore the Modoc war among the Knmhatwash-Modocs (q. v.) in tlie 

 lava beds south of Tule Lake. 



A few faniihe.s of Inmting Molnlc Indians, congeners of the "Okl 

 Kavu.se ", Indians near Vuniatilla River, were formerly settled at Flounce 

 Rock, on tlie iieadwaters of Rogue River, and farther north in the Cascade 

 range. 'Die Klamath Indians were filled with hatred against them; they 

 were by them called Tchakil'nkni, inhabitants of l^chak/e'ni, or the "service 

 berry tract," and x'idiculed on account of their peculiar, incorrect use of the 

 Klamath lanffuaji'e. In former times Molale Indians held all the northeastern 

 slopes of the Willamet Valley, claiming possession of the hunting grounds; 

 the bottom lands they left in the hands of the peaceably disposed, autoch- 

 thonic race of the Kalapuya tribes, whom they call M6kai or M6ke. 



CHARACTERISTICS OF RACE. 



These are either bodily or mental. To ascertain the former no meas- 

 urements were made by me by means of instruments when I was among 

 the Klamath Lake Indians, and hence all that follows rests upon ocular 

 inspection. For Modoc skulls some accurate data are on hand, published 

 by the United States Surgeon-General's Office, Washington, D. C. 



The Mongolian features of prognathism and of high cheek bones are 

 not very marked in this upland race, though more among the Modocs than 

 in the northern branch. If it was not for a somewhat darker complexion 

 and a strange expression of the eye, it would be almost impossible to dis- 

 tinguish many of the fi-ukshikni men from Americans. The forehead is 

 compressed in the tender age of childhood and looks rather low, but does not 

 recede so acutely as might be expected from this treatment. Prognathism, 

 where it exists, does not seem to be a consequence of head flattening. The 

 cheek bones are more prominent than with us, but le.ss than with the Central 

 Californians. The fact that the head-man, Tatapkash, who was among the 

 signers of the treaty of 18(34, was called after this peculiarity show-s that 

 high cheek bones are rather uncommon. The nasal ridge is not aquiline, 

 but verv strong and forms an almost continnniis line with the forehead. 

 Convergence of the eyes is perceptible in a few individuals only, and anat- 

 omists have shown that it is nowhere produced by the structure of the skull 



