Xlvi ErH-NOGilAi'MlC iSKJi'KJU. 



The Kalupnyu Indians once occupied the eutiie Wilh'unet Kiver \'alley 

 save its southeastern portions. Its best studied dialect is Atfahiti, also 

 called Tualati and Wapatu Lake. 



On the lower Klamath River, California, and in its vicinity, there are 

 four tribes of small areas speaking languages which require further inves- 

 tigations to decide upon their affinities. At present their languages are 

 regarded as representing distinct families, as follows: 



Ara, Ara-ara or Karok, on both sides of Klamath River. 



Alikivu or Yurok, at the mouth of Klamath River. 



Wisliosk or Wlyot, on Humboldt Ba}-. 



Chimariko or Chimalakwe, on Trinity River and environs. 



The I^onio dialects are spoken along the California coast and along its 

 •water-courses from 39° 30' to 38° 15' latitude. 



Ytiki dialects were spoken in tlie mountains of the Californian Coast 

 Range upon two distinct areas. 



Wintiin (from witi'i, winti'i iikdi, hidian) is spoken in man}' dialects upon 

 a wide area west of Sacramento River from its mouth up to Shasta Butte. 



Noja, spoken near Round Mountain, Sacramento Valley. 



Maklu (from nmi'dii iiuai, Ii/diun) dialects are heard upon the east side 

 of Sacramento River from Fort Redding to the G(3sumnes River and up to 

 the water-shed of tlie Sierra Nevada. 



Shasti dialects jjroperly belong to the middle course of Klamatli River 

 and to the adjoining parts of Oregon; the language of Fit River or Acho- 

 mawi, southeast of the Shasti area, is cognate with it. 



Mutsan dialects, north and south of San Francisco Bay, are cognate 

 with the Miwok dialects, wliich are heard fiom the San Joaquin River up 

 to the heights of the Sierra Nevada. The littoral family of the Essden is 

 inclosed upon all sides by the Mutsun dialects. We have vocabularies 

 from the eighteenth century, Ijut its existence as A.sepurate family has been 

 put in evidence but lately by H. W. Henshaw in American Anthropologist, 

 1890, pp. 45-50. 



