RADICALS HELD IN COMMON. xlix 



llkol, nku'l, nxol in Klamath designates the gray white-tailed rabbit, and 

 the same radix appears in ko'lta, kolta^s/* otter and in kuish badger. In the 

 San Antonio language of Southern California the radix is represented by 

 kol hare (^rabbit is map), in Kasud (Sa. Barbara dialect) by kii'n, in Tonto 

 by akola, kula, in Hualapai by gula. Even in the luuit dialects we find 

 for rabbit: ukalik (Hudson Bay), kwdlluk (Kotzebue Sound). 



1111 or lli. A pronominal demonstrative radix n- followed by almost 

 any vowel (na, nu, ni, etc.) is of great frequency in America as well as in 

 the eastern hemisphere, where it often becomes nasalized : nga, ngi, etc 

 In American languages it forms personal possessive and demonstrative pro- 

 nouns, prefixes and suffixes of nouns and verbs. In South America nu, nu 

 designates the pronoun / or me so frequently that the explorer K. von der 

 Steinen was prompted to call Nii-languagcs a large group of languages north 

 and south of Amazon River, including Carib dialects. In America nu, ni 

 designates more frequently ihQ first person of the singular and plural (J, we) 

 than the second thou, ye. It stands for the first person in Quichhua, Moxo, 

 Tsoneka, in Nahuatl, the " Sonora" and Slioshoni languages, in Otomi, 

 Yuma, the Tehua and Kera {no in hi-wo-me /) dialects of New Mexico; in 

 Winttin, Maidu, Wayiletpu, Sahaptin, and the numerous Algonkin dialects. 

 For the second person it stands in Yakwina, Tonkawe, Atakapa, and in 

 Dakota and Tinne dialects. As a demonstrative pronoun we find it used in 

 many languages, e.g., in the Onondaga of Iroquois, where na'ye' means that, 

 that it is, and na'" (a long') this. In Klamath nil, ni is /, niitoks myself, 

 nish me, to me; nat, na we, nalam ours; -na is case suffix and transitional 

 verbal suffix; n- prefix refers to objects level, flat, sheet- or string-like, or 

 extending towards the horizon. 



sllUIll, SlVlll is the Klamath term for mouth of persons, of animals, 

 and of rivers. Forms parallel to this are disseminated through many of the 

 Pacific coast languages. In Kayuse it is siimxaksh, in Molale shimilk, in 

 Nishinam and other Maidu dialects sim, in Yokat sama, shemah.* Inti- 

 mately connected with mouth are the terms for beard: shu, slio, shwo in 

 Sahaptin dialects, shimkdmush in Kayuse, and for tooth: si, shi in the 



*It occurs even ia South America: 'simi in Kecbua is mouth and word; shdm in 

 tUe Patagon of Brazil, lip; Martins, Beitrage, II, lill. 

 iv 



